Is My Pet Suffering Due To Vision Loss?

For our beloved furry companions, adjusting to a loss of vision can be a smooth and seamless transition, as long as they are comfortable, pain-free, and surrounded by the love and support of their family. With gentle guidance and reassurance, pets can quickly adapt to their new way of navigating the world. However, if their vision loss is accompanied by severe discomfort from conditions such as corneal ulcers, cancer, or glaucoma, it is crucial to seek prompt treatment to alleviate their suffering and address the underlying cause. Most pets are astonishingly resilient and able to adjust well to their newfound blindness with the help of their loving families.

When Is Veterinary Intervention Needed?

If your pet has a chronic condition, it is important to maintain close contact with your family veterinarian about their progress and management. This will ensure that your pet receives the proper care and treatment they need to live a comfortable and happy life. It is also important to seek veterinary help if you notice any changes or worsening of symptoms in your pet.

There may be times when you should contact your family veterinarian for the well-being of your furry companion:

• If their eyes appear red or swollen,
• Unusual eye discharge,
• Signs of discomfort by incessantly pawing at their eyes,
• Anxious and stressed, potentially due to vision loss.

In these situations, it is important to seek professional care from a trusted veterinarian who can help ensure the health and happiness of your beloved pet. Because after all, they are more than just animals – they are our loyal companions and valued members of our family.

Your family veterinarian may have additional management tips, or may prescribe eye ointments or drops that can help your pet feel more comfortable.

How Can I Manage My Pet’s Vision Loss or Blindness At Home?

If your beloved pet is struggling with vision problems or has become blind, these helpful tips can greatly improve their quality of life:

• Maintain a consistent daily routine, especially when it comes to mealtimes, playtimes, and bedtimes. This will provide comfort and stability for your furry friend.
• Avoid rearranging your furniture frequently as it may disorient and confuse your pet.
• Consider building ramps with sturdy guardrails in place of steps both inside and outside of your home to make navigation easier for your pet.
• Create safe and low-lying resting spots for your pet if they used to enjoy perching up high. This will help them feel secure while still giving them a vantage point to observe their surroundings.
• You can also create location cues around your home, such as carpet runners down hallways, to guide your pet’s movements and keep them on the right path.
• Keep their food, water, and litter box in the same spot at all times to avoid confusion and provide a sense of familiarity. You can even consider switching out your regular water dish for a small fountain that makes the calming sound of running water. This can help guide your pet towards hydration more easily.
• To prevent any potential accidents or falls, keep the floor clear of any objects or obstacles that could trip up your pet and try to close doors behind you to avoid your pet becoming lost or confused in a different room. Also, try to block off access to any stairs or other potentially dangerous areas in your home to prevent accidents.
• If your pet enjoys spending time in the yard, be sure to check that your fence is secure so they can safely roam without getting lost.

One of the best things you can do is interact with your pet. Interacting with your pet is an important aspect of their overall well-being and can greatly improve their quality of life. Whether your pet is experiencing vision problems or blindness, they still need love, attention, and stimulation from their human family. Here are some ways you can interact with your pet:

• Talk to your pet: Just because they can’t see you doesn’t mean they can’t hear you. Talking to your pet in a calm and soothing tone can help them feel reassured and connected to you. You can also use verbal cues to let them know what’s happening around them, such as saying “good boy” when they do something right or “watch out” when there’s an obstacle in their way.
• Include them in family activities: Don’t let your pet’s vision loss hinder them from being involved in family activities.
• Use other senses: Encourage your pet to use their other senses by playing games that engage their sense of smell and hearing. Hide treats around the house for them to find, play with squeaky toys or bells to stimulate their hearing, and consider using scented toys to engage their sense of smell.
• Provide mental stimulation: Vision loss can cause pets to become bored and restless if not properly stimulated. Keep your pet mentally active by providing puzzle toys or hiding treats inside toys for them to figure out how to get out. This will not only keep them entertained but also help strengthen their cognitive abilities.
• Train using positive reinforcement: If your pet has vision problems or is blind, training may take a little longer but it’s still possible for them to learn new things using positive reinforcement techniques.
• Be patient and use treats, praise, and affection as rewards for good behavior.

Positive Interaction Benefits and Tips

Just like humans, pets also crave physical touch and affection. For a pet experiencing vision loss, physical interaction can be even more important as it helps them feel safe and connected to their surroundings.Here are some ways you can provide physical touch and interaction for your visually impaired pet:

• Petting: Regularly petting your pet is not only a great way to bond with them, but it also provides them with comfort and reassurance. When petting your visually impaired pet, make sure to start gently and slowly so they have time to adjust and feel comfortable with the touch.
• Grooming: Regular grooming is important for all pets, but it becomes even more crucial for visually impaired pets as they may not be able to groom themselves effectively. Brushing or combing your pet’s fur not only keeps them clean but also helps improve circulation and prevents matting.
• Massage: Just like humans, pets can benefit from massage too! Gentle massage can help soothe any tension or anxiety they may be feeling from their vision loss. You can also try gentle pressure around their head and neck area to help release any built-up stress.
• Snuggling: Snuggling with your furry friend not only provides them with warmth but also makes them feel loved and safe. It’s a great way to bond with your visually impaired pet while giving them physical comfort.
• Playing touch games: There are many games you can play with your pet that involve touch rather than visual cues. For example, you can play “find the toy”, where you hide a favorite toy under blankets or in different areas of the room for your pet to find using their sense of touch.
• Using tactile toys: Tactile toys, such as toys with different textures or ones that make noise

How Do I Know My Cat Has Heart Disease (Cardiomyopathy)?

It can be challenging to detect early signs of the disease in cats because they typically do not show any noticeable symptoms until it has progressed significantly. At this stage, cats may become more introverted and withdrawn.

Remember that not all cats will experience every symptom listed below, and some may have multiple symptoms. Here are some potential signs to look out for:

• A sudden inability to move hind limbs
• Trouble breathing or panting heavily
• Lack of appetite
• Extreme fatigue
• Loss of interest in regular activities
• Rapid breathing
• Higher than normal heart rate
• Abnormal heart sounds
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fainting or falling unconscious.

What Tests Will My Vet Use To Assess My Cat’s Heart?

There are several tests that can be used to keep track of your pet’s heart health.

• Physical Examination: Your veterinarian will likely listen to your cat’s heart in order to identify any abnormalities.
• Blood Pressure Check: This non-invasive test is used to assess the blood pressure of your cat.
• Electrocardiogram (EKG): By measuring the electrical activity within the heart, this test can provide a more accurate diagnosis for conditions like heart murmurs and other defects.
• Blood Tests: A blood chemistry panel may be performed to evaluate your cat’s overall health and check their thyroid hormone levels.
• Ultrasound: In order to get a clearer view of your cat’s heart chambers, valves, muscles, and main cardiac vessels, an ultrasound may be used.

Is There Treatment Available?

Once your cat has been diagnosed with heart disease, your veterinarian will recommend a treatment plan based on the specific type and severity of the condition. While there is no cure for heart disease, there are medications as well as some lifestyle changes that can help manage symptoms and improve your cat’s quality of life.

1. Medications

Depending on the type of heart disease your cat has, your veterinarian may prescribe one or more medications to help manage their symptoms. These may include:

– Diuretics: These medications help remove excess fluid from the body, which can build up in cats with heart disease.

– Beta-blockers: These drugs help to slow the heart rate and decrease blood pressure, reducing the workload on the heart.

– ACE inhibitors: These medications help to dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow, making it easier for the heart to pump.

– Anti-arrhythmic drugs: If your cat has an irregular heartbeat, these drugs may be prescribed to regulate it.

It is important to give these medications exactly as directed by your veterinarian and report any side effects or concerns promptly.

2. Dietary Changes

Your veterinarian may also recommend dietary changes for your cat if they have been diagnosed with heart disease. This could include switching to a low-sodium diet or adding supplements such as taurine (an essential amino acid) or omega-3 fatty acids.

3. Lifestyle Modifications

In addition to medication and diet changes, certain lifestyle modifications can also benefit cats with heart disease. This could include limiting physical activity or reducing stress levels in order to decrease strain on the heart.

4. Regular Monitoring

Your veterinarian will likely schedule regular check-ups for your cat in order to monitor their condition and make any necessary adjustments to their treatment plan. This may include periodic blood tests, EKGs, or ultrasounds.

5. Emergency Care

If your cat’s condition suddenly worsens or they experience a cardiac emergency, it is important to seek immediate veterinary care.

What Conditions Can Cause Cognitive Dysfunction?

Cognitive Dysfunction is a complex and often misunderstood condition that can affect our beloved pets as they age. It presents itself through a gradual decline in cognitive abilities, affecting everything from memory and learning to decision making and problem-solving. But while it is commonly associated with the natural aging process, there are also medical conditions that can contribute to this decline in pets, such as neurological disorders or underlying illnesses. This can make it even more challenging to diagnose and manage, requiring expert care and understanding from pet owners.

How Can I Help My Cat?

Once a pet has been diagnosed with cognitive dysfunction, it is important to address the condition and provide appropriate care to improve their quality of life. Here are some ways to manage cognitive dysfunction in pets:

• Medication: Your veterinarian may prescribe medication to help manage the symptoms of cognitive dysfunction. These medications work by improving blood flow to the brain, which can help improve cognitive function.
• Diet: Feeding your pet a balanced and nutritious diet is essential for maintaining their overall health, including their brain health. Some diets may also have added antioxidants that can aid in brain function.
• Exercise: Just like humans, regular physical activity can benefit pets with cognitive dysfunction. It can help improve blood flow to the brain and stimulate mental activity.
• Mental stimulation: Keeping your pet mentally engaged through activities such as new toys or playing games can help slow down the progression of cognitive dysfunction.
• Routine and familiarity: Maintaining a consistent routine and environment can be comforting for pets with cognitive decline. This can help reduce confusion and anxiety.
• Love and attention: Providing love and attention to your pet is crucial in managing their cognitive dysfunction. Engage in activities that your pet enjoys and spend quality time together.
• Environmental modifications: Making changes to your home environment, such as providing ramps or stairs for easier access, using non-slip surfaces, or adding night lights
• Supportive care: As the condition progresses, your pet may require more assistance with daily tasks such as feeding or grooming. Providing supportive care can greatly improve their quality of life.
  Summary:

Cognitive Dysfunction is a prevalent issue among older pets, but it can be successfully managed with proper care and treatment. Collaborate closely with your veterinarian and provide your beloved furry companion with the necessary support to ensure a good quality of life while dealing with this condition.

What Is Dental Disease?

Periodontal disease, also known as dental disease, is a painful and potentially dangerous condition that plagues the mouth. It begins with a simple inflammation of the delicate tissues that support the teeth, but if left untreated, it can quickly escalate into more severe issues. These can include tooth root abscesses, where pus-filled pockets form at the base of the tooth; infection of the jaw bone, which can lead to significant pain and difficulty eating; and even pathological fractures in the jaw caused by weakened bones due to disease. Left unchecked, periodontal disease can wreak havoc on one’s oral health and overall well-being.

Can This Condition Cause Other Health Issues?

Dental disease not only affects the mouth, but it can also have far-reaching consequences on a pet’s overall health. The bacteria that cause dental disease can enter the bloodstream and travel throughout the body, causing or contributing to various health problems.

1. Heart Disease – Research has shown a strong link between periodontal disease and heart disease in both humans and animals. The bacteria from dental disease can travel to the heart, causing inflammation and damage to the heart valves. This can lead to conditions such as endocarditis, which is an infection of the inner lining of the heart, or cardiomyopathy, where the heart muscles become weakened. A few other systemic disease risks are:
2. Kidney Disease – The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products from the bloodstream. But when harmful bacteria from dental disease enter the bloodstream, they can create an overload of toxins that must be filtered out by the kidneys. Over time, this strain on the kidneys can lead to chronic kidney disease, a serious condition that requires lifelong management.
3. Diabetes – Periodontal disease has been linked to insulin resistance in cats and dogs, which is a precursor to diabetes. Insulin resistance occurs when the body’s cells become less responsive to insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. Studies have found that pets with severe periodontal disease are more likely to develop diabetes than those with healthy mouths.
4. Respiratory Issues – Inhalation of bacteria from oral infections can also lead to respiratory issues such as pneumonia or bronchitis. Bacteria from dental disease can travel down the trachea (windpipe) and into the lungs, causing inflammation and infection.

How Can I Care For My Cat’s Teeth At Home?

The best way to promote your pet’s good dental hygiene is by brushing their teeth regularly. Brushing removes food debris and plaque buildup, preventing the formation of tartar and bacterial growth. Ideally, you should aim to brush your pet’s teeth daily, as recommended by veterinarians. However, this may not always be feasible for various reasons. In such cases, there are alternative options available to help maintain your pet’s oral health. But always reach out to your primary veterinarian before utilizing any over the counter products, especially if your pet has any other pre-existing health issues that could make some of these undesirable.

• Oral Rinses
  • Oral rinses can be a convenient option for maintaining your pet’s dental hygiene if brushing is not possible. These products are specifically formulated for pets and contain ingredients that can help reduce bacteria in the mouth, freshen breath, and prevent plaque buildup. They can also help soothe inflamed gums and promote overall oral health.
• Dental Treats
  • Many pet stores carry specially designed dental treats that can aid in cleaning your pet’s teeth while also providing them with a tasty snack. These treats are often made with textures that encourage chewing and scrubbing of the teeth, helping remove plaque and tartar buildup. Some may also contain ingredients like enzymes or calcium to support healthy teeth and gums.
• Prescription Diets
  • Certain diets have been formulated to promote good dental health in pets. These diets typically have larger kibble sizes or specific ingredients that help reduce plaque buildup on the teeth. They may also contain additives like vitamin C, which can help strengthen gums and reduce inflammation.
• Regular Dental Check-Ups
  • Just like humans need regular visits to the dentist, your pet should see a veterinarian for routine dental check-ups at least once a year. During these appointments, your vet will examine your pet’s mouth for signs of disease or decay and perform a professional cleaning if necessary.

Fear Of Anesthetizing My Senior Cat

If a pet’s dental problems are serious, the veterinarian may recommend a professional cleaning, which can be daunting for owners due to potential risks. In these situations, the vet will thoroughly examine the pet and conduct preanesthetic bloodwork. They may also refer the pet to a specialist, like a cardiologist or internal medicine expert, to run additional tests and help develop an appropriate anesthesia plan. For high-risk cases, it may be necessary for the dental procedure to take place at a specialty hospital with trained specialists present during both the anesthesia and recovery phases, ensuring optimal care for the pet.

What Is Diabetes Mellitus?

When a cat’s pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin to regulate the sugar from their diet, they may develop Diabetes Mellitus. This condition arises when the body struggles to maintain a healthy balance of sugar in the bloodstream.

Are Some Cats More Prone To This Disease?

Although any cat can develop this illness, certain groups have a higher likelihood of being affected, especially as they grow older.

• overweight cats
• cats taking a corticosteroid
• other health conditions such as infection, kidney disease or hyperthyroidism

How Will My Vet Diagnose My Cat?

If your cat is displaying symptoms of diabetes, it will be necessary for your vet to conduct blood and urine tests. These tests will help rule out any other potential health issues.

When conducting the blood test, your veterinarian will be examining for consistently high levels of blood sugar, also known as hyperglycemia, and the presence of glucose (sugar) in the urine, which is known as glucosuria.

What Is The Treatment?

After your cat is diagnosed with diabetes, you will collaborate with your veterinarian to establish a care and treatment plan. There are various approaches to managing diabetes in cats, including dietary changes and feeding recommendations, insulin therapy if deemed necessary, and ongoing monitoring.

In certain cases, especially with senior cats, other illnesses or ailments may affect the treatment process. It’s important to be transparent with your vet about your objectives, schedule, and capacity to monitor and care for your cat to avoid any long term stress for both your cat, and yourself.

What Is The Difference Between Seizures And Epilepsy?

Seizures occur when there is a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain, causing muscles to tremor and convulse. Epilepsy, on the other hand, is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures (2 or more). It can be categorized as either idiopathic or symptomatic. In idiopathic epilepsy, there is usually no identifiable structural cause for the seizures and it may have a hereditary component. On the other hand, symptomatic epilepsy is often linked to structural changes in the brain, which can be detected through MRI scans. Epilepsy can develop at any point in life, but it is important to consult a veterinarian for further testing if seizure activity occurs in order to identify the underlying cause and start appropriate treatment.

What Symptoms Will My Cat Have?

When we think of seizures, we may immediately picture uncontrollable shaking and jerking. However, there are other indications that, if occurring repeatedly, should be a cause for concern and a reason to seek a thorough examination from your veterinarian.

These signs include tremors, paddling of limbs, twitching in the limbs, eyes or whiskers, and even repetitive behaviors like tail chasing. Loud vocalizations, stiffening of the body, and changes in behavior, such as increased aggression, can also be potential indicators of a seizure. It is important to address any loss of consciousness as well.

What Do I Do During A Seizure?

Although it can be frightening, it is important to stay composed if you think your cat is having a seizure. Our main priority should be to prevent any harm to the cat. Here are a few things to remember:

• Avoid moving the cat unless they are in a dangerous position (such as on a high surface)
• If movement is necessary, use a towel to avoid agitating or confusing the cat, which could lead to biting or scratching
• Keep other animals away during the seizure
• Take note of how long the seizure lasts
• Do not attempt to put anything in the cat’s mouth
• A seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes or multiple seizures in a row is considered status epilepticus and requires immediate medical attention. This type of seizure can result in brain damage, overheating, and even death.

Are There Treatment Options?

There are various treatment options available for cats with seizures, depending on the underlying cause. The most common treatment for epilepsy and other seizure disorders is medication.

• Anticonvulsant Medications – Anticonvulsant medications work by decreasing the firing of neurons in the brain, thereby reducing the likelihood of seizures. These medications may need to be taken daily or as needed, depending on the frequency and severity of seizures. Examples of anticonvulsant medications commonly prescribed for cats include phenobarbital, potassium bromide, and levetiracetam. Your veterinarian will determine the best medication and dosage for your cat based on their individual needs.
• Surgery – In some cases, surgery may be recommended as a treatment option. This is often the case when there is a structural abnormality in the brain that is causing seizures, such as a tumor or cyst. Surgery can help remove or reduce these abnormalities, reducing seizure activity.
• Cancer Treatment – If seizures are caused by cancerous tumors in the brain, your veterinarian may recommend radiation therapy or chemotherapy to shrink or eliminate the tumor. This can help reduce seizure activity and improve your cat’s overall health.
• Lifestyle Changes – In addition to medications and medical procedures, certain lifestyle changes can also help manage seizures in cats. These may include keeping a consistent routine, minimizing stressors in your cat’s environment, and providing a comfortable and safe space during and after a seizure.

It is important to follow your veterinarian’s recommendations for treating your cat’s seizures and to continue monitoring their condition closely. It may take some time to find the right combination of treatments that works best for your cat’s specific needs.

Seizures can be scary for both cats and their owners, but with proper diagnosis and treatment from a veterinarian, they can be managed effectively. If you notice any signs or symptoms of seizures in your cat, it is important to seek veterinary attention immediately.

What Is Fatty Liver Disease?

Hepatic lipidosis is a prevalent cause of liver failure in cats, and although any cat can develop it, it is most commonly seen in overweight middle-aged cats who have recently experienced a decrease in appetite. When cats stop eating, they can lose weight rapidly, leading to an accumulation of fat in the liver cells that impairs their normal function. This condition is known as hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver disease. It can develop within just a few days if a cat goes without food for too long, so it’s essential to seek advice from a veterinarian if your cat stops eating for more than a day or two.

What Would Trigger This Disease?

There could be any number of reasons your cat may suddenly stop eating, but the most common reasons are:

• Cancer
• Pancreatitis
• Other liver diseases
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Stress and environmental stimuli

What Tests Will My Vet Run?

A veterinarian may suspect that a cat is suffering from hepatic lipidosis if they observe a noticeable decrease in appetite and a significant loss of weight. However, a thorough physical examination is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

During the examination, the vet may also conduct a series of blood tests and a urinalysis to gather more information about the cat’s condition. In cats with hepatic lipidosis, these tests often reveal elevated levels of bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase (a type of liver enzyme) in their blood.

To further investigate and differentiate hepatic lipidosis from other diseases with similar symptoms, an abdominal ultrasound is typically performed. This imaging test can reveal any abnormalities in the appearance of the liver, which is crucial for confirming the diagnosis. Additionally, the vet may use a needle to collect a small sample of liver cells for analysis to check for fat accumulation.

Further testing may be necessary to identify any underlying health issues that could have contributed to the development of hepatic lipidosis. With proper diagnosis and treatment, cats can recover from this serious liver disease.

Is There Treatment Available?

Once a cat has been diagnosed with hepatic lipidosis, the main focus of treatment is to get them eating again. This can be a challenging process, as cats with this condition may have lost their appetite entirely. In severe cases, cats may require hospitalization to receive nutrients and fluids through a feeding tube.

• Nutritional support: Providing proper nutrition is critical for the recovery of cats with hepatic lipidosis. This involves feeding small, frequent meals of a high-quality, highly digestible diet that is tailored to your cat’s specific needs. In some cases, a veterinarian may recommend a prescription diet designed specifically for cats with liver disease. If your cat is unable to eat on their own, they may need to receive food through a feeding tube. This ensures that they receive adequate nutrition while their appetite returns. The type and length of tube feeding can vary depending on the severity of the disease and the individual cat’s response.
• Fluid therapy: Dehydration is common in cats with hepatic lipidosis, so fluid therapy may be necessary to correct any imbalances in electrolytes and maintain hydration levels.
• Medications: In addition to supportive care, your vet may prescribe medications to help manage symptoms and promote healing of the liver. These could include antibiotics if there are signs of infection, anti-nausea medication to stimulate appetite, and vitamin supplementation.
• Managing underlying health issues: If an underlying health condition contributed to the development of hepatic lipidosis, it’s essential to address it as part of the treatment plan.
• Monitoring: Regular monitoring by your veterinarian will be necessary during treatment to ensure your cat is responding well and making progress towards recovery.
• Home care: Once stable enough to go home, you will receive instructions on how to care for your cat at home properly. This may include administering medications or managing feedings through a feeding tube.

What Causes This Decline?

Hearing loss in cats can stem from a variety of sources, but it is a particularly prevalent issue among senior felines due to deteriorating inner ear nerves. Unlike their more outgoing canine counterparts, cats are known for their independent and reserved nature, making it easy for changes in their behavior to go unnoticed or be attributed to disinterest rather than a potential medical concern.

How to Tell If Your Cat’s Hearing Is Declining

Detecting a decline in your cat’s hearing can be challenging, especially if it happens gradually over time. However, certain behaviors and signals may suggest that your cat is experiencing difficulty with their hearing.

• Changes in Response to Familiar Stimuli – If your cat usually reacts to the sound of their food being poured or their toy being shaken, but suddenly seems unresponsive.
• Becoming Easily Frightened – An indication of hearing loss in cats is a heightened startle response. You may notice that your cat jumps or becomes frightened more easily when you enter a room.
• Increased Sleeping Patterns – Your cat may begin to sleep for longer periods of time, or may sleep more deeply than usual.

Caring for a Deaf Cat

Cats that are deaf require some extra attention and care to ensure they have a happy and fulfilling life. Here are some tips for caring for a deaf cat:

1. Keep Your Cat Indoors – Deaf cats may not be able to hear potential dangers, such as oncoming cars or predators, so it is important to keep them safe by keeping them indoors. If they enjoy their outdoor time, consider creating a safe space for them with fencing, or ensure they are outdoors while supervised.
2. Use Visual Cues – Cats that are deaf rely heavily on their visual perception. Use hand signals and body movements to communicate with your cat. You can also use flashing lights or vibrations to get their attention.
3. Create a Safe Environment – Ensure that your home is a safe environment for your deaf cat. Remove any potential hazards or objects that may startle them, such as noisy appliances or sudden loud noises.
4. Train with Positive Reinforcement – Just like training a hearing cat, you can train a deaf cat using positive reinforcement techniques. Use treats and praise when they respond correctly to your cues.
5. Consider Adopting Another Deaf Cat – If you have the resources and capability, consider adopting another deaf cat as a companion for your current one. They can communicate with each other using their body language and create a bond based on their shared experience of being deaf.
6. Be Patient – Deaf cats may take longer to learn commands or behaviors compared to hearing cats, so it is important to be patient with them and not get frustrated.
7. Keep Up With Regular Vet Checks – It is important to continue taking your deaf cat to regular vet check-ups to ensure they are in good health and catch any potential issues early on.
8. Consider Getting Identification Tags or Microchipping – In case your deaf cat were ever to accidentally escape outside, having identification tags or microchipping them can increase the chances of them being safely returned home if someone finds them.

What Is Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

IBD, or inflammatory bowel disease, is a collection of GI disorders with no definite cause. Felines can also develop this condition, which causes inflammation in their stomachs, small intestines, and/or large intestines. While diagnosing and treating IBD may be challenging, cats can still have a good quality of life and live for many years with proper care. Although the exact cause is unknown, it is believed that there are multiple factors that contribute to IBD in cats. These potential causes include:

• Sensitivity to bacteria that is heightened
• Allergies to various foods such as meat proteins, food additives, artificial coloring, preservatives, milk proteins, and gluten (found in wheat)
• Possible genetic predisposition

What Symptoms Might My Cat Have?

Symptoms of this condition are usually ongoing and can become more frequent over time. Common symptoms include:

• Fatigue and lack of energy
• Tenderness or discomfort in the abdominal area, which may cause sensitivity to touch or vocalizations
• Drastic weight loss
• Frequent diarrhea and vomiting
• Audible growling or gurgling sounds in the stomach region, possibly accompanied by excessive gas emissions
• Dullness or disheveled appearance of the hair coat
• Possible presence of bright red blood in stool

How Will My Vet Diagnose My Cat?

Along with gathering a thorough medical history, your veterinarian may conduct standard tests such as bloodwork, urine and stool analysis, and a biochemical panel. These tests are usually non-invasive and help rule out other conditions that mimic Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), such as kidney or thyroid disease and liver failure. If the results are inconclusive, an abdominal ultrasound or biopsy of the stomach and intestine may be recommended by your vet to further investigate the possibility of IBD.

Is There Treatment?

If your cat has been diagnosed with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), your veterinarian will work closely with you to develop a plan for managing their symptoms. While there is no cure for IBD, with proper care and treatment, cats can live a good quality of life despite their condition.

The main goals of treatment for IBD in cats are to maintain a healthy weight, relieve any gastrointestinal discomfort or symptoms, and manage any underlying immune system reactions that may be contributing to the condition. Here are some common approaches your veterinarian may recommend:

• Dietary Changes – Diet plays a crucial role in managing IBD in cats. Your vet may suggest switching to a specialized diet that is low in fat, highly digestible, and free from common allergens such as meat proteins, food additives, artificial coloring, preservatives, milk proteins, and gluten (found in wheat). These special diets may take 2-4 weeks to show results in your cat.  It is important to stick to the recommended diet and avoid feeding your cat any table scraps or treats that could potentially trigger their condition.
• Medications:  Depending on the severity of your cat’s symptoms, your veterinarian may prescribe medications to help ease discomfort and manage inflammation caused by IBD. Some commonly used medications include corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and antibiotics.  It is essential to follow the dosage instructions provided by your vet and report any side effects or changes in your cat’s behavior.
• Supplements:  Your veterinarian may also recommend adding supplements such as probiotics or omega-3 fatty acids to your cat’s diet. Probiotics can help restore the balance of good bacteria in their digestive tract while omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties that can help alleviate symptoms associated with IBD.  Always consult with your vet before adding any supplements to your cat’s diet as some may interact with other medications.

What Is Kidney Disease In Cats?

Kidney disease can be classified as either acute, which occurs suddenly, or chronic, which is caused by long-term kidney illness or other medical conditions. Acute kidney disease can occur after a severe injury to the kidneys, from a serious infection, shock, or obstruction (which is more common in males). It can also develop from ingesting toxic substances such as antifreeze or lilies, and from certain medications. Chronic kidney disease may be inherited, like polycystic kidney disease, or caused by immune-mediated conditions, stroke-like events, clotting disorders, and even cancers like lymphoma. In some cases, the underlying cause of kidney disease remains unknown despite thorough testing. Sadly, there is no cure for chronic kidney disease and it will continue to progress.

What Tests Will My Vet Run?

Diagnosing kidney disease in cats typically involves a combination of physical examinations, blood work, and urine tests. Your veterinarian will start by examining your cat’s overall health and reviewing their medical history. They may also ask you about any changes you’ve noticed in your cat’s behavior or habits.

Blood work is an essential tool for diagnosing kidney disease. It can help detect elevated levels of waste products like creatinine, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), and phosphorus in the blood that are indicators of kidney dysfunction. Your veterinarian may also check the levels of red and white blood cells to see if there are any signs of anemia or infection.

A urinalysis will also be performed to evaluate the concentration and composition of your cat’s urine. In cats with kidney disease, the urine is often dilute and contains higher than normal levels of protein, glucose, and other substances.

In some cases, imaging techniques such as x-rays or ultrasound may be used to get a better look at the kidneys and surrounding structures. These images can help determine if there are any abnormalities or blockages in the urinary tract that could be contributing to the kidney disease.

In some cases your vet may recommend a kidney biopsy to determine what stage of disease your cat is in.There are four recognized stages of kidney disease.

• Stage I: Clinical signs are usually not apparent
• Stage II: Some clinical signs are noted
• Stage III: Many clinical signs are noted and cats, who are usually stoic little ones, start to look and feel sick
• Stage IV: Most clinical signs are observed, and cats typically arrive in a critical state.

What Symptoms Should I Look For?

Clinical symptoms vary from patient to patient, and are usually related to the severity of their kidney disease. Some cats may show few or no symptoms at all, while others may display more obvious signs. Here are some common clinical symptoms to look out for:

• Increased thirst and urination: As the kidneys struggle to function properly, they may not be able to filter waste effectively, causing an increase in water consumption and urination.
• Loss of appetite: Kidney disease can cause nausea, leading to a decreased appetite in cats.
• Weight loss: As kidney disease progresses, cats may lose their appetite and start losing weight.
• Vomiting and diarrhea: These symptoms can occur due to nausea or an accumulation of toxins in the body that the kidneys cannot filter out.
• Bad breath: Kidney disease can cause a buildup of toxins in the blood, which can lead to bad breath.
• Dehydration: The increased water consumption from kidney disease can lead to dehydration if not enough fluids are taken in.
• Lethargy and weakness: Cats with kidney disease may have less energy and become weak due to a decrease in red blood cells caused by the inability of the kidneys to produce erythropoietin (a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production).
• Poor coat condition: A cat’s coat may become dull and unkempt as a result of dehydration and inadequate nutrient absorption caused by kidney disease.
• Mouth ulcers: The buildup of toxins in the blood can also lead to mouth ulcers in cats with kidney disease.
• Changes in behavior: Cats with kidney disease may show changes in behavior such as hiding more than usual or becoming irritable or aggressive.

Remember that these are not all inclusive; some conditions which present similar symptoms include hyperthyroidism and inflammatory bowel diseases like lymphocytic plasmacytic stomatitis (LPS). In short, it’s important to consult with your veterinarian for a proper diagnosis if you notice any of these

Is There Treatment?

Treatment for kidney disease in cats primarily focuses on managing symptoms and slowing down the progression of the disease. The specific treatment plan will depend on the severity of your cat’s condition and any underlying causes that may be contributing to their kidney dysfunction.

Dietary management is crucial for cats with kidney disease. A specially formulated diet low in protein, phosphorus, and sodium can help alleviate some strain on the kidneys. Your veterinarian may also recommend supplements like omega-3 fatty acids to support kidney function.

Depending on your cat’s individual case, medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms such as high blood pressure or nausea. Antibiotics may also be necessary if there is evidence of a urinary tract infection.

In severe cases, hospitalization and intravenous fluids may be necessary to keep your cat stable.

At home, some ways you can keep your cat comfortable are:

• Having fresh water always available is recommended
• Monitoring for any new signs/symptoms so you can better gauge their progression
• Continue with regular checkups and blood work
• Add extra litter pans if needed
• Make sure your cat’s space is low stress

What Is Lymphoma?

This is a form of cancer that impacts the lymphatic system, which consists of nodes, ducts, bone marrow, the thymus gland, spleen, and certain areas of the digestive tract.

In cats, other diseases may predispose them to lymphoma, such as a virus like FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus). Intestinal lymphoma is the primary type of lymphoma that affects cats, and usually displays in our older kitties (older than 10 years). Other types of lymphoma can be

• Mediastinal lymphoma impacts the connective tissue that supports the heart, lungs, and soft tissues.
• Renal lymphoma affects the kidneys and displays similar symptoms to kidney disease or failure. It can progress rapidly to the nervous system.
• Nasal lymphoma may cause nasal discharge and sneezing, and can also result in swelling on the bridge of the nose.
• Multicentric lymphoma is more prevalent in cats with feline leukemia or FIV, although it is not commonly seen overall. This form of lymphoma can affect any lymph nodes in the body.

What Symptoms Will My Cat Have?

If your cat is suffering from mediastinal lymphoma, you may notice that they have trouble breathing. Renal lymphoma may mimic symptoms of kidney disease, such as weight loss, lethargy, nausea, increased urination and thirst. With multicentric lymphoma, you may observe firm lumps in areas like the shoulder, behind the knee, shoulders, or chin. Nasal lymphoma often presents with nasal discharge and sneezing.

In the most common GI lymphoma, you may see the following:

• Firm mass or growth in abdomen
• Waning appetite
• Lethargy/depression
• Weight loss
• Vomiting/diarrhea

What Tests Will My Vet Run?

If lymphoma is suspected, your veterinarian will run several tests. First, they will likely run blood work, do a urinalysis, and take x-rays to look for signs of the disease. Specialty blood work may be recommended to check cobalamin (vitamin B12) levels. Low levels can indicate intestinal lymphoma. When intestinal lymphoma is suspected, an abdominal ultrasound is often done to look for widespread thickening of the intestines.

An intestinal biopsy, where tissue is taken for analysis, is the most effective diagnostic method. When a biopsy is performed, the pathologist will grade the lymphoma as either high-grade (more aggressive) or low-grade (less aggressive). This will provide more information regarding likely responses to treatment.

If the lymph nodes are involved, your veterinarian may recommend aspirating them to look at the cells. In this procedure, a needle is stuck into the swollen lymph node and cells are pushed on to a slide to look at under the microscope. Sometimes, advanced imaging such as computed tomography (CT) is recommended to get a better picture of masses under the surface of the skin, like the chest, kidneys, or nasal cavity.

Are There Treatment Options?

If your cat has been diagnosed with lymphoma, there are several treatment options available. The best course of treatment will depend on the type and stage of lymphoma, as well as your cat’s overall health and age.

• Chemotherapy – The most common form of treatment for lymphoma in cats is chemotherapy. This involves using medications to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing and dividing. Chemotherapy can be given orally or through injections, and typically requires multiple rounds over several months.
• Radiation Therapy – Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays to target and destroy cancer cells. It may be used in combination with chemotherapy or as a standalone treatment for certain types of lymphoma.
• Surgery – Surgical removal of tumors may be an option for some forms of lymphoma, such as mediastinal lymphoma that affects the chest area. However, surgery is not typically effective for multicentric lymphoma as it affects multiple areas of the body.
• Supportive Care – Supportive care may include managing symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, or pain associated with chemotherapy or other treatments. Your veterinarian may also recommend dietary changes and supplements to support your cat’s overall health during treatment.

In some cases, the more aggressive treatments may not be feasible due to financial constraints or personal preferences of the pet owner. For those with intestinal lymphoma, using prednisolone (a steroid) alone can still provide relief and improve quality of life. It is crucial to have a thorough conversation with your veterinarian and thoroughly weigh the potential consequences and benefits before deciding on a treatment plan for your feline friend. Palliative care may also be a viable option to keep your cat comfortable until the disease becomes unmanageable.

What Are Nasal Tumors?

In cats, there are three types of nasal tumors: squamous cell carcinoma, carcinoma, and lymphoma. While these types of tumors are more prevalent in dogs, they can still affect the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses of cats. Due to their location, these tumors can be challenging to detect early on. By the time symptoms become apparent, the cancer is typically in an advanced stage. These nasal cancers tend to be highly aggressive and may metastasize to other parts

What Symptoms Will My Cat Have?

If you suspect that your cat may be experiencing health issues, it’s important to recognize the early signs and get them diagnosed for treatment.

• Nasal discharge is often the first noticeable symptom of a nasal tumor, and it can contain mucous, pus, or even blood. Keep an eye on your cat’s nose as they tend to lick it often.
• Along with a runny nose, excessive sneezing is another common sign. However, if medication for allergies or respiratory infections does not relieve the sneezing, it could be a sign of a tumor blocking the airways.
• Loud snoring or noisy breathing can also indicate this blockage.
• If your cat suddenly starts pawing at their face or rubbing against objects constantly, it could be due to discomfort caused by a growing tumor.
• As the tumor spreads, it can cause facial deformities such as swelling or asymmetry and may even push into the ocular area, causing bulging eyes and discharge.
• In more advanced stages, the tumor can reach the brain and cause seizures and behavioral changes. Other signs of cancer include weight loss or gain, persistent coughing, and slow-healing wounds. It’s important to consult a veterinarian as soon as possible if you notice any of these symptoms in your cat.

Are There Treatment Options?

If your cat has been diagnosed with nasal cancer, it’s important to work closely with your veterinarian to develop a treatment plan that will provide the best outcome for your furry friend. Depending on the location and severity of the tumor, there are various treatment options available.

• Pain Management – The first step in managing nasal cancer in cats is to ensure that your pet is comfortable and free from pain. Your veterinarian may prescribe pain medication or recommend alternative therapies such as acupuncture or laser therapy.
• Radiation Therapy – Radiation therapy involves using high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. This treatment can be administered externally or internally, depending on the type and location of the tumor. In some cases, radiation therapy may be used in conjunction with surgery.
• Stereotactic Radiation – Stereotactic radiation, also known as stereotactic radiosurgery, is a type of targeted radiation therapy that delivers high doses of radiation directly to the tumor while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. It is often used for hard-to-reach tumors or when traditional radiation therapy is not an option.
• Surgery – In some cases, surgical removal of the tumor may be possible if it is located in a reachable area and has not spread to other parts of the body. However, surgery for nasal cancer in cats can be challenging due to the delicate structure of their nasal passages.
• Chemotherapy – Chemotherapy involves using drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body. It may be recommended as a primary treatment if surgery is not possible or as a secondary treatment after surgery or radiation therapy.
• Supportive Care – Along with medical treatments, providing supportive care for your cat can greatly improve their quality of life during cancer treatment. This may include proper nutrition, hydration, and monitoring for any complications or side effects from treatments.

It’s important to keep in mind that every cat’s case of nasal cancer is unique, and not all treatment options may be suitable for every situation

What Tests Will My Doctor Run?

Diagnosing nasal cancer in cats can be challenging, as the symptoms can mimic those of other conditions. However, with the help of various tests and imaging techniques, your veterinarian can accurately diagnose and stage your cat’s cancer. Here are some of the most common tests used to diagnose nasal cancer in cats.

• Blood Tests – Your veterinarian may recommend blood tests to rule out other potential causes of your cat’s symptoms. These tests can also provide information about your cat’s overall health and any potential complications that may arise during treatment.
• Tissue Biopsy – A tissue biopsy involves taking a small sample of tissue from the affected area and examining it under a microscope for signs of cancer cells. This is the most reliable way to diagnose nasal cancer in cats and determine the type of tumor present.
• Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) – Fine needle aspiration involves using a thin needle to extract cells from the tumor for examination under a microscope. This minimally invasive procedure can provide helpful information about the type and extent of the tumor.
• Rhinoscopy – A rhinoscopy is an endoscopic examination of the nose and nasal passages using a small camera attached to a flexible tube. This allows your veterinarian to evaluate any abnormalities or obstructions in the nasal passages and take biopsies if necessary.
• Imaging Scans – Imaging scans such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans can provide more detailed images of your cat’s nasal cavity and surrounding structures, allowing for better visualization of any tumors or abnormalities.

In addition to these tests, your veterinarian may also recommend additional procedures based on your cat’s specific case, such as bacterial cultures or allergy testing. It’s important to work closely with your veterinarian throughout this process to ensure an accurate diagnosis and develop an effective treatment plan for your cat’s individual needs.

What Is Thyroid Disease?

The thyroid gland can experience issues and cause either lower function (hypothyroidism) or higher function (hyperthyroidism). While rare in cats, hypothyroidism may occur in specific breeds, felines with cancer, or those with a lack of iodine in their diet.

What Symptoms Might My Cat Have?

The two varieties have differing symptoms, so lets look at them independently:

Hypothyroidism:

In this case, cats metabolism will slow due to a lack of essential thyroid hormones. Some symptoms you may see:

• Poor hair coat or hair loss: The lack of thyroid hormones can cause the cat’s coat to become dry, dull, and matted.
• Weakness and dullness
• Low body temperature and intolerance to cold: Since the cat’s metabolism is slowed down, they may feel colder than usual and seek out warm spots to rest.
• Inactivity, weakness, and lethargy
• Weight gain: Due to the slower metabolism, cats with hypothyroidism often gain weight despite not eating more than usual.
• Constipation: A slower metabolism can also affect digestion and lead to constipation.
• Changes in behavior: Some cats with hypothyroidism may exhibit changes in behavior such as decreased activity and playfulness.
• Vomiting or diarrhea: In some cases, cats with hypothyroidism may experience gastrointestinal issues such as vomiting or diarrhea.

For cats with this condition, treatment is usually unnecessary unless their thyroid levels are dangerously low, in which case they may need to take medication. A specialized diet may be suggested, and regular testing will be conducted to monitor their thyroid levels and maintain a healthy range.

Hyperthyroidism:

Hyperthyroidism is a more frequent occurrence in cats compared to hypothyroidism. It can develop due to thyroid cancer or typically affects older cats, usually over the age of 7. Some signs that may be observed include:

• Hyperactivity
• Weight loss accompanied with a very good appetite
• Vomiting
• Lots of stool production
• Excessive drinking and urination
• Possibly a lot of vocalization

How Is My Cat Diagnosed?

If you suspect that your cat may have thyroid disease, it is essential to take them to the veterinarian for a proper diagnosis. The vet will conduct a thorough physical examination and review your cat’s medical history to gather any relevant information.

Blood tests are one of the primary tools used to diagnose thyroid disease in cats. Your veterinarian will check your cat’s thyroid hormone levels, specifically their levels of thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). If these levels are abnormal, further testing may be required.

In some cases, your veterinarian may recommend imaging tests such as X-rays or ultrasounds to assess the size and condition of the thyroid gland. This is especially important if cancer is suspected as the cause of the thyroid disease.

If your cat is diagnosed with hyperthyroidism, your veterinarian may also conduct additional tests to determine the underlying cause. This may include a complete blood count (CBC), chemistry panel, and urinalysis to assess other aspects of your cat’s health.

In rare cases where cancer is suspected, surgery may be recommended to remove part or all of the affected thyroid gland. This will require careful consideration and discussion with your veterinarian regarding potential risks and benefits