What Is Osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and debilitating musculoskeletal disease that often affects aging and larger breed dogs. With no known cure, managing arthritis is crucial in improving the overall wellbeing and mobility of affected canines. The primary objective of arthritis management is to alleviate discomfort and prevent further deterioration of the joints, promoting a better quality of life for our furry companions.

How Is Osteoarthritis Diagnosed?

Osteoarthritis (OA) can be diagnosed through a combination of methods, including a physical exam and imaging tests.

Physical Exam:
During the physical exam, your veterinarian will assess your dog’s overall health and look for any signs of joint pain or stiffness. They may also manipulate your dog’s joints to check for restricted movement or discomfort.
Imaging Tests:
X-rays are the most commonly used imaging test to diagnose OA in dogs. X-rays can show any changes in the joint, such as narrowing of the joint space, bone spurs, or changes in the bones and soft tissues around the joint. In some cases, your veterinarian may also recommend other imaging tests such as MRI or ultrasound.
Other Diagnostic Tests:
Your veterinarian may also recommend other diagnostic tests to rule out other possible causes of your dog’s symptoms, such as bloodwork to check for infection or inflammation markers.

It is essential to consult with your veterinarian if you suspect your dog may have OA so that an accurate diagnosis can be made and appropriate treatment can be provided. Early detection and management can greatly improve your dog’s quality of life and slow down the progression of OA.

What Will Happen As This Condition Progresses?

As osteoarthritis (OA) progresses, you may start to notice more noticeable changes in your dog’s behavior and physical abilities. Here are some signs and symptoms that may indicate advanced OA:

Reluctance to Jump or Climb Stairs:
Dogs with advanced OA often have difficulty jumping onto furniture or climbing stairs. This is because the pain and stiffness in their joints make these activities difficult and uncomfortable.
Reduced Endurance:
Your dog may also show signs of reduced endurance, becoming tired more quickly during walks or playtime. This is because the strain on their painful joints can be exhausting for them.
Limping Worsening:
As the disease progresses, your dog may experience more frequent episodes of limping. This could be due to increased inflammation and pain in their joints, making it harder for them to move comfortably.
Muscle Atrophy or Weakness:
Due to reduced activity levels, dogs with advanced OA may also experience muscle atrophy (shrinkage) or weakness in the affected areas. This can further limit their mobility and make everyday tasks like walking or getting up from lying down even more challenging.
Swollen or Enlarged Joints:
In advanced OA cases, the affected joints may appear swollen or enlarged due to inflammation and joint damage. These changes can be visible as deformities, especially in larger breed dogs.
Irritable Behavior:
Chronic pain from osteoarthritis can cause irritability in dogs. They may become grumpy, snap when touched in certain areas, or avoid interactions with family members due to discomfort.
Less Interactions with the Family:
Advanced OA can significantly impact a dog’s quality of life and overall wellbeing. As a result, they may start avoiding interactions with family members and withdraw from daily activities that they once enjoyed.
Toileting Accidents Inside the House:
In severe cases of OA affecting the hips or hind limbs, your dog may have difficulty controlling their bladder and bowels, leading to toileting accidents inside the house.

How Can I Help My Dog?

Managing osteoarthritis (OA) in our beloved canine companions requires a delicate balancing act, as the ultimate goal is to reduce discomfort and slow down further joint damage. This requires a multifaceted approach, utilizing a variety of treatment options to work together harmoniously. These may include strategic weight reduction to lessen the load on the joints, supplements rich in omega-3 fatty acids to promote joint health, protective supplements and injections aimed at preserving existing cartilage, anti-inflammatory and pain medications for immediate relief, as well as alternative therapies like acupuncture and laser treatment.

In addition, physical rehabilitation can play a vital role in improving mobility and decreasing pain for dogs with OA. Regular check-ins with your veterinarian are essential for monitoring progress and adjusting the management plan accordingly. By collaborating closely with your trusted veterinarian, you can create a personalized management plan tailored to your furry friend’s specific needs, leading to the best possible outcome for their comfort and well-being.

Can I Help Adapt My Dog’s Home Environment?

Within the comfort of home, there are small yet significant changes you can implement to make your pet’s daily activities easier. These include elevated food and water bowls, alleviating strain on their tired joints, and a cozy, supportive bed to ease any discomfort they may experience. Timely administration of prescribed medications and supplements is also crucial in managing their condition. Modifications within the home, like placing rugs or mats for better traction, can facilitate smoother movement for your dog. Consistent physical therapy sessions and safe exercises are key factors in managing OA. Taking precautionary measures such as using safety gates, stairs, or ramps can help prevent accidents and injuries. It is important to closely monitor your dog’s appetite, drinking habits, bathroom routines, and activity levels to ensure their overall health and well-being during this challenging time for them.

Prognosis

The prognosis for dogs with OA is highly dependent on the severity of the disease and how well they respond to treatment. For some lucky pups, with careful management and adjustments to their daily routine, they can continue to lead a comfortable and mostly normal life. However, as OA is a progressive disease, there is always the potential for it to worsen over time, requiring ongoing monitoring and adjustments to their treatment plan. Despite its challenges, with proper care and attention, many dogs are able to live fulfilling lives even with OA.

How Do I Know When My Pet Is In A Crisis Due To This Disease?

If your beloved canine companion suddenly loses their appetite, suffers from adverse drug reactions, struggles to walk or move, displays aggression, or vocalizes in pain, it is imperative that you contact your veterinarian without delay. Your furry friend’s health and well-being should always be a top priority, and prompt action can make all the difference in their recovery. Do not hesitate to seek professional help if you notice any concerning changes in your dog’s behavior or physical condition.

Summary:

As much as we wish our furry friends could talk to us about how they’re feeling or if something is wrong, they rely on us to observe any changes in their behavior or appearance that could indicate a potential health issue. Keep an eye out for any signs of pain or discomfort such as limping, decreased appetite or thirst, changes in bathroom habits or difficulty getting up from lying down.

Veterinarians often use scoring tools to assess the quality of life for animals with chronic illnesses or aging pets. These tools can help you track changes in your dog’s condition over time and determine if any adjustments need to be made to their care.

What Is Bladder Cancer?

Canine bladder cancer can take on various forms, but the most frequent is transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). This type of tumor stems from transitional cells, which are responsible for lining the interior of the bladder.

The typical location for a transitional cell carcinoma to emerge is at the juncture where the ureters, connecting the kidneys to the bladder, enter and the bladder narrows into the urethra. Sadly, surgical removal of a tumor in this area is not possible.

What Symptoms Will My Dog Display?

The symptoms are similar to those of a urinary tract infection:

• Difficulty urinating
• Frequent need to urinate
• Incontinence
• Presence of blood in the urine
• In advanced stages, the dog may be unable to urinate due to a tumor obstructing the urinary pathway.

What Tests Will My Vet Run?

Depending on your pet’s individual symptoms, your veterinarian may suggest using ultrasound imaging or catheterization to gather cells for microscopic examination. Other tests, such as bloodwork and x-rays, may also be recommended in order to determine a diagnosis.

Are There Treatment Options?

In most situations, your pet will be prescribed pain medication to help relieve any discomfort. Surgery is not always the first choice due to its invasive and complex nature, but other treatments like radiation or chemotherapy may be suggested. If the TCC has progressed significantly, your veterinarian may suggest palliative care as a means to alleviate any distress your pet may be feeling.

Is My Pet Suffering Due To Vision Loss?

For our beloved furry companions, adjusting to a loss of vision can be a smooth and seamless transition, as long as they are comfortable, pain-free, and surrounded by the love and support of their family. With gentle guidance and reassurance, pets can quickly adapt to their new way of navigating the world. However, if their vision loss is accompanied by severe discomfort from conditions such as corneal ulcers, glaucoma, or entropion, it is crucial to seek prompt treatment to alleviate their suffering and address the underlying cause. In rare cases where complete blindness occurs or both eyes need to be surgically removed due to debilitating conditions like glaucoma or cancer, most pets are astonishingly resilient and able to adjust well to their newfound blindness with the help of their loving families.

When Is Veterinary Intervention Needed?

If your pet has a chronic condition, it is important to maintain close contact with your family veterinarian about their progress and management. This will ensure that your pet receives the proper care and treatment they need to live a comfortable and happy life. It is also important to seek veterinary help if you notice any changes or worsening of symptoms in your pet.

There may be times when you should contact your family veterinarian for the well-being of your furry companion:

• If their eyes appear red or swollen,
• Unusual ocular discharge,
• Signs of discomfort by incessantly pawing at their eyes,
• Anxious and stressed, potentially due to vision loss.

In these situations, it is important to seek professional care from a trusted veterinarian who can help ensure the health and happiness of your beloved pet. Because after all, they are more than just animals – they are our loyal companions and valued members of our family.

Your family veterinarian may have additional management tips, or may prescribe eye ointments or drops that can help your pet feel more comfortable.

How Can I Manage My Pet’s Vision Loss or Blindness At Home?

If your beloved pet is struggling with vision problems or has become blind, these helpful tips can greatly improve their quality of life:

• Maintain a consistent daily routine, especially when it comes to mealtimes, playtimes, and bedtimes. This will provide comfort and stability for your furry friend.
• Avoid rearranging your furniture frequently as it may disorient and confuse your pet.
• Consider building ramps with sturdy guardrails in place of steps both inside and outside of your home to make navigation easier for your pet.
• Create safe and low-lying resting spots for your pet if they used to enjoy perching up high. This will help them feel secure while still giving them a vantage point to observe their surroundings.
• You can also create location cues around your home, such as carpet runners down hallways, to guide your pet’s movements and keep them on the right path.
• Keep their food, water, and litter box in the same spot at all times to avoid confusion and provide a sense of familiarity. You can even consider switching out your regular water dish for a small fountain that makes the calming sound of running water. This can help guide your pet towards hydration more easily.
• To prevent any potential accidents or falls, keep the floor clear of any objects or obstacles that could trip up your pet and try to close doors behind you to avoid your pet becoming lost or confused in a different room. Also, try to block off access to any stairs or other potentially dangerous areas in your home to prevent accidents.
• If your pet enjoys spending time in the yard, be sure to check that your fence is secure so they can safely roam without getting lost.
• Consider outfitting your pet with a “halo” device that will gently bump into objects before they do, giving them a sense of their surroundings and preventing any collisions.

One of the best things you can do is interact with your pet. Interacting with your pet is an important aspect of their overall well-being and can greatly improve their quality of life. Whether your pet is experiencing vision problems or blindness, they still need love, attention, and stimulation from their human family. Here are some ways you can interact with your pet:

• Talk to your pet: Just because they can’t see you doesn’t mean they can’t hear you. Talking to your pet in a calm and soothing tone can help them feel reassured and connected to you. You can also use verbal cues to let them know what’s happening around them, such as saying “good boy” when they do something right or “watch out” when there’s an obstacle in their way.
• Include them in family activities: Don’t let your pet’s vision loss hinder them from being involved in family activities. Whether it’s going for a walk, playing in the yard, or snuggling on the couch, make sure to include your furry friend so they feel included and valued.
• Use other senses: Encourage your pet to use their other senses by playing games that engage their sense of smell and hearing. Hide treats around the house for them to find, play with squeaky toys or bells to stimulate their hearing, and consider using scented toys to engage their sense of smell.
• Provide mental stimulation: Vision loss can cause pets to become bored and restless if not properly stimulated. Keep your pet mentally active by providing puzzle toys or hiding treats inside toys for them to figure out how to get out. This will not only keep them entertained but also help strengthen their cognitive abilities.
• Train using positive reinforcement: If your pet has vision problems or is blind, training may take a little longer but it’s still possible for them to learn new things using positive reinforcement techniques.
• Be patient and use treats, praise, and affection as rewards for good behavior.

Positive Interaction Benefits and Tips

Just like humans, pets also crave physical touch and affection. For a pet experiencing vision loss, physical interaction can be even more important as it helps them feel safe and connected to their surroundings.Here are some ways you can provide physical touch and interaction for your visually impaired pet:

• Petting: Regularly petting your pet is not only a great way to bond with them, but it also provides them with comfort and reassurance. When petting your visually impaired pet, make sure to start gently and slowly so they have time to adjust and feel comfortable with the touch.
• Grooming: Regular grooming is important for all pets, but it becomes even more crucial for visually impaired pets as they may not be able to groom themselves effectively. Brushing or combing your pet’s fur not only keeps them clean but also helps improve circulation and prevents matting.
• Massage: Just like humans, pets can benefit from massage too! Gentle massage can help soothe any tension or anxiety they may be feeling from their vision loss. You can also try gentle pressure around their head and neck area to help release any built-up stress.
• Belly rubs: Many pets love belly rubs, including those with vision problems! It’s a great way to show them love and affection while also providing some relaxation and stress relief.
• Snuggling: Snuggling with your furry friend not only provides them with warmth but also makes them feel loved and safe. It’s a great way to bond with your visually impaired pet while giving them physical comfort.
• Playing touch games: There are many games you can play with your pet that involve touch rather than visual cues. For example, you can play “find the toy”, where you hide a favorite toy under blankets or in different areas of the room for your pet to find using their sense of touch.
• Using tactile toys: Tactile toys, such as toys with different textures or ones that make noise

How Would I Know My Dog Has A Brain Tumor?

Identifying and diagnosing brain tumors can be a difficult and sometimes complex task. This is because some symptoms may mimic those of other ailments, such as ear infections. The distressing reality is that these warning signs can worsen over time, resulting in delayed diagnosis and potentially fatal consequences. In such cases, early detection is paramount, emphasizing the need to be vigilant for symptoms and seek immediate medical attention.

• Abnormal Behaviors: As the brain is responsible for controlling emotions and behavior, it’s no surprise that abnormal behavior would be a red flag for possible health issues in your dog. Look out for signs of increased aggression, uncharacteristic loss of learned behavior, bouts of depression or dullness, or excessive lethargy.
• Vision Problems: Keep a close eye on your dog’s vision as well. If they are having trouble seeing out of one or both eyes, have dilated pupils or seem to have trouble coordinating movements, it may be a sign of vision loss.
• Changes in food and water intake: Pay attention if your dog suddenly becomes ravenously hungry or unusually disinterested in food and water.
• Watch out for any signs of pain or discomfort in the neck or head: Your dog may start tilting their head or showing sensitivity when touched in these areas.
• Restlessness and constant pacing or circling can also be signs of underlying health issues: If your dog seems unable to settle down and constantly moves to one side, it may be a cause for concern.
• Loss of balance and coordination is another common symptom of brain tumors: Keep an eye out for staggering while walking or difficulty standing up or lying down.
• If your dog begins to vomit without an obvious cause: This could be a sign of nausea due to an underlying health issue.

What Tests Will My Vet Run?

Possible diagnostic procedures for brain cancer may include:

• Scans such as CT or MRI, which can detect the presence of a brain tumor
• Samples of blood, urine, or spinal fluid, which are necessary for evaluating organ function and identifying potential causes of seizures
• A chest X-ray to assess overall health before undergoing anesthesia and to check for any signs of the cancer spreading or secondary tumors.

Are There Treatment Options?

The first step of action is pain management. Depending on the stage of cancer, your pet may be in a lot of pain. It will likely be prescribed anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids to relieve pain throughout treatment. After a diagnosis of brain tumor in your dog, the next step is to discuss treatment options with your veterinarian. The type and severity of the tumor will play a significant role in determining the best course of action for your dog. Here are some of the most common treatment options for dogs with brain tumors:

1. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be possible to remove the brain tumor. This is usually considered if the tumor is in a location that can be safely accessed and removed without causing any damage to surrounding brain tissue. Surgery may also be recommended if the tumor is causing pressure on the brain and needs to be relieved.

2. Radiation Therapy: This treatment involves using high-energy X-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. It can be used alone or in combination with other treatments like surgery or chemotherapy.

3. Chemotherapy: This treatment uses powerful drugs to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing and dividing. Chemotherapy may be administered through IV injections, oral medications, or directly into the affected area through an implanted port.

4. Palliative Care: In cases where surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy are not feasible or would not significantly improve your dog’s quality of life, palliative care may be recommended. This focuses on providing pain relief and improving overall comfort for your dog rather than treating the cancer itself.

5. Supportive Care: Along with any of these treatments, it’s essential to provide supportive care for your dog throughout their journey with cancer. This includes managing symptoms such as seizures, providing a nutritious diet, and ensuring they have a comfortable and stress-free environment.

Ultimately, every case is unique, so it’s crucial to work closely with your veterinarian to determine which treatment plan will provide the best outcome for your dog based on their individual needs and circumstances.

What Conditions Can Cause Cognitive Dysfunction?

Cognitive Dysfunction is a complex and often misunderstood condition that can affect our beloved pets as they age. It presents itself through a gradual decline in cognitive abilities, affecting everything from memory and learning to decision making and problem-solving. But while it is commonly associated with the natural aging process, there are also medical conditions that can contribute to this decline in pets, such as neurological disorders or underlying illnesses. This can make it even more challenging to diagnose and manage, requiring expert care and understanding from pet owners.

How Can I Help My Dog?

Once a pet has been diagnosed with cognitive dysfunction, it is important to address the condition and provide appropriate care to improve their quality of life. Here are some ways to manage cognitive dysfunction in pets:

• Medication: Your veterinarian may prescribe medication to help manage the symptoms of cognitive dysfunction. These medications work by improving blood flow to the brain, which can help improve cognitive function.
• Diet: Feeding your pet a balanced and nutritious diet is essential for maintaining their overall health, including their brain health. Some diets may also have added antioxidants that can aid in brain function.
• Exercise: Just like humans, regular physical activity can benefit pets with cognitive dysfunction. It can help improve blood flow to the brain and stimulate mental activity.
• Mental stimulation: Keeping your pet mentally engaged through activities such as puzzle toys, training sessions, or playing games can help slow down the progression of cognitive dysfunction.
• Routine and familiarity: Maintaining a consistent routine and environment can be comforting for pets with cognitive decline. This can help reduce confusion and anxiety.
• Love and attention: Providing love and attention to your pet is crucial in managing their cognitive dysfunction. Engage in activities that your pet enjoys and spend quality time together.
• Environmental modifications: Making changes to your home environment, such as providing ramps or stairs for easier access, using non-slip surfaces, or adding night lights, can help make daily tasks easier for pets with mobility issues associated with cognitive dysfunction.
• Supportive care: As the condition progresses, your pet may require more assistance with daily tasks such as feeding or grooming. Providing supportive care can greatly improve their quality of life.
  Summary:

Cognitive Dysfunction is a prevalent issue among older pets, but it can be successfully managed with proper care and treatment. Collaborate closely with your veterinarian and provide your beloved furry companion with the necessary support to ensure a good quality of life while dealing with this condition.

What Is Cushing’s Disease?

Cushing’s syndrome, also known as hyperadrenocorticism, is a medical condition where the adrenal glands produce excessive amounts of specific hormones. This condition has three different types, each with its own cause. Treatment and outlook vary depending on the type of Cushing’s disease diagnosed.

• Pituitary gland tumor – The primary factor behind the development of Cushing’s disease (accounting for 85%-90% of cases) is a growth on the pituitary gland, situated at the bottom of the brain. This tumor may be either non-cancerous or cancerous in nature, and it triggers an excessive production of a hormone called ACTH. This hormone then stimulates the adrenal glands to release high levels of cortisol.
• Adrenal gland tumor – Cushing’s disease can be caused by a growth on the adrenal gland, either benign (called an adenoma) or malignant (called a carcinoma). If it is benign, surgery to remove the tumor can lead to a cure for the disease. However, if it is malignant, surgery may provide temporary relief but the outlook is not as positive.
• Iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome, which means it is caused by medical treatment. This type of Cushing’s occurs when a pet takes oral or injectable steroids for legitimate medical reasons, but unfortunately, the medication has negative impacts on their health.

What Symptoms Will My Dog Have?

All three forms of Cushing’s disease share common symptoms, including:

• Heightened appetite and thirst
• Frequent urination
• Fatigue
• Coarse or dry-looking fur
• Swollen abdomen or “pot belly” appearance
• Heavy breathing
• Fragile skin that may tear easily
• Skin infections
• Dark patches on the skin, particularly noticeable in areas with less fur
• Thickened patches of skin
• Urinary tract infections

What Tests Will My Vet Run?

Your vet will review your pet’s medical records and conduct a comprehensive physical assessment. Further blood tests may be conducted to assess your pet’s general well-being. If there are any concerns about a possible tumor, x-rays or an ultrasound may be suggested by the vet.

Is There Treatment?

If your dog has a pituitary or adrenal tumor, it is important to discuss treatment plans with your veterinarian. They may suggest removing the tumors through surgery or using radiation therapy. For iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome, your vet will likely advise a gradual tapering off of steroid medication to avoid any additional complications. This process must be carefully monitored and controlled to ensure the best outcome for your dog.

What Is Degenerative Myelopathy in Dogs?

Degenerative Myelopathy, or DM, is a condition where the nerves that transmit signals through the spinal cord are slowly destroyed. This process affects both the upper and middle back (thoracic) as well as the lower back (lumbar). The parts of the nerve responsible for conducting signals, called axons, and their protective coating, myelin, are affected by this non-painful degeneration.

Is This Only A Disease Older Dogs Get?

Typically, this illness targets older dogs between the ages of 5 and 8. However, as every pet is different, it is possible for them to be affected earlier or later than the usual age range for diagnosis.

What Causes This Disease?

Although certain dog breeds may be more susceptible to this condition, there are various factors that can contribute to its development in older dogs. Among the most commonly affected breeds is the German Shepherd Dog, followed by Siberian Huskies, Boxers, Pembroke Welsh Corgis, Poodles, Pugs, Bernese Mountain Dogs and others. However, it should be noted that age and genetics alone do not determine a dog’s likelihood of developing DM; it is possible for any breed at any stage of life to be affected by this condition

What Symptoms Will My Pet Have?

In the early stages, a dog may display slight weakness in one of its hind limbs without any signs of pain. This can often be mistaken for a simple orthopedic injury, such as a sprained knee or sore paw. However, the symptoms will gradually worsen over several months, causing the dog to have an unsteady and drunken-like gait with its hind limbs. They may also start dragging their paws or crossing their hind legs while walking, leading to frequent falls due to loss of balance.

As the illness advances, a canine will experience weakness and an abnormal way of walking in their hind legs. Typically, one side of the spinal cord is more affected than the other, resulting in more severe symptoms on that side of the body. Over time, this disease leads to complete paralysis in the hind limbs. Eventually, the disease can spread throughout the entire spinal cord, causing paralysis in the front legs and issues with basic functions such as breathing, vocalization, and eating.

Typically, about one year after the first symptoms are seen, a dog is unable to walk on their hind limbs. At this stage most dogs are unable to hold their own body weight, and the muscle atrophy likely will cause them to be urine and fecal incontinent.

How Will My Vet Diagnose My Dog?

Your vet will test based on a combination of factors. The most important being they symptoms you describe to them, as well as their breed, age, and exclusion of any other diseases. You may be referred to a canine neurologist for further testing. In some cases they may recommend an MRI to see if there is any spinal cord degeneration present, or in some cases you may be asked to have your dog under go a spinal tap so they can assess the cerebrospinal fluid to exclude any other possible illnesses.

How Can I Help My Dog?

Along with the supportive care of your veterinary team, they may recommend medications if there is any pain starting to emerge. Certain medications may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms such as pain or discomfort and to support nerve function. Alternative therapies such as acupuncture and hydrotherapy have also shown some success in managing symptoms. Physical therapy is often recommended to maintain muscle strength and mobility in affected limbs. Adequate exercise and weight maintenance are also essential in managing this condition. Probably the best thing we can do for our pups is provide extra supportive environmental modification around the home.

• Ensure that your pet has comfortable and clean bedding.
• Place their food and water dishes in an easily accessible location.
• Consider blocking off stairs or other hazardous areas to prevent potential injuries.
• A harness can be useful for supporting your pet when they need assistance standing or going outside to use the bathroom.
• If your pet still enjoys walks but has difficulty using their hind limbs, a wheelchair may be a helpful option.
• For pets with incontinence issues, consider using diapers or belly bands as needed.

What Is Dental Disease?

Periodontal disease, also known as dental disease, is a painful and potentially dangerous condition that plagues the mouth. It begins with a simple inflammation of the delicate tissues that support the teeth, but if left untreated, it can quickly escalate into more severe issues. These can include tooth root abscesses, where pus-filled pockets form at the base of the tooth; infection of the jaw bone, which can lead to significant pain and difficulty eating; and even pathological fractures in the jaw caused by weakened bones due to disease. Left unchecked, periodontal disease can wreak havoc on one’s oral health and overall well-being.

Can This Condition Cause Other Health Issues?

Dental disease not only affects the mouth, but it can also have far-reaching consequences on a pet’s overall health. The bacteria that cause dental disease can enter the bloodstream and travel throughout the body, causing or contributing to various health problems.

1. Heart Disease – Research has shown a strong link between periodontal disease and heart disease in both humans and animals. The bacteria from dental disease can travel to the heart, causing inflammation and damage to the heart valves. This can lead to conditions such as endocarditis, which is an infection of the inner lining of the heart, or cardiomyopathy, where the heart muscles become weakened. A few other systemic disease risks are:
2. Kidney Disease – The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products from the bloodstream. But when harmful bacteria from dental disease enter the bloodstream, they can create an overload of toxins that must be filtered out by the kidneys. Over time, this strain on the kidneys can lead to chronic kidney disease, a serious condition that requires lifelong management.
3. Diabetes – Periodontal disease has been linked to insulin resistance in cats and dogs, which is a precursor to diabetes. Insulin resistance occurs when the body’s cells become less responsive to insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. Studies have found that pets with severe periodontal disease are more likely to develop diabetes than those with healthy mouths.
4. Respiratory Issues – Inhalation of bacteria from oral infections can also lead to respiratory issues such as pneumonia or bronchitis. Bacteria from dental disease can travel down the trachea (windpipe) and into the lungs, causing inflammation and infection.

How Can I Care For My Pup’s Teeth At Home?

The best way to promote your pet’s good dental hygiene is by brushing their teeth regularly. Brushing removes food debris and plaque buildup, preventing the formation of tartar and bacterial growth. Ideally, you should aim to brush your pet’s teeth daily, as recommended by veterinarians. However, this may not always be feasible for various reasons. In such cases, there are alternative options available to help maintain your pet’s oral health. But always reach out to your primary veterinarian before utilizing any over the counter products, especially if your pet has any other pre-existing health issues that could make some of these undesirable.

• Oral Rinses
  • Oral rinses can be a convenient option for maintaining your pet’s dental hygiene if brushing is not possible. These products are specifically formulated for pets and contain ingredients that can help reduce bacteria in the mouth, freshen breath, and prevent plaque buildup. They can also help soothe inflamed gums and promote overall oral health.
• Dental Treats
  • Many pet stores carry specially designed dental treats that can aid in cleaning your pet’s teeth while also providing them with a tasty snack. These treats are often made with textures that encourage chewing and scrubbing of the teeth, helping remove plaque and tartar buildup. Some may also contain ingredients like enzymes or calcium to support healthy teeth and gums.
• Prescription Diets
  • Certain diets have been formulated to promote good dental health in pets. These diets typically have larger kibble sizes or specific ingredients that help reduce plaque buildup on the teeth. They may also contain additives like vitamin C, which can help strengthen gums and reduce inflammation.
• Regular Dental Check-Ups
  • Just like humans need regular visits to the dentist, your pet should see a veterinarian for routine dental check-ups at least once a year. During these appointments, your vet will examine your pet’s mouth for signs of disease or decay and perform a professional cleaning if necessary.

Fear Of Anesthetizing My Senior Pup

If a pet’s dental problems are serious, the veterinarian may recommend a professional cleaning, which can be daunting for owners due to potential risks. In these situations, the vet will thoroughly examine the pet and conduct preanesthetic bloodwork. They may also refer the pet to a specialist, like a cardiologist or internal medicine expert, to run additional tests and help develop an appropriate anesthesia plan. For high-risk cases, it may be necessary for the dental procedure to take place at a specialty hospital with trained specialists present during both the anesthesia and recovery phases, ensuring optimal care for the pet.

What Is Diabetes?

Diabetes type 1 and type 2 have different origins. In type 1, the immune system attacks the islet cells in the pancreas responsible for producing insulin, resulting in a lack of insulin production. In type 2, the pancreas still produces some insulin, but not enough, and the body becomes resistant to its effects.

In the case of our aging dogs, they typically develop type 1. Canine type I diabetes can be attributed to two main causes. The most prevalent cause is the immune system attacking and destroying the pancreas. Despite extensive research, the reason for this autoimmune response remains a mystery.

Other factors that may lead to the development of diabetes are obesity, pancreatitis, steroid treatments, other health conditions, as well as genetics.

Signs You May See

• Weight loss
• Increased water consumption
• Ravenous appetite 
• Increased urination
• Weight Loss
• Unhealthy hair coat
• Toileting accidents
• Sweet or fruity breath
• Vision decline or cataracts
• Chronic skin infections
• Nausea or vomiting
• Lethargy

What Kind Of Medical Care Will My Dog Need?

If your dog has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, it is important to work closely with your veterinarian to manage the condition. While there is currently no cure for diabetes in dogs, it can be effectively managed with a combination of medication, diet, and exercise.

• Daily Insulin Injections – The most common method of managing canine diabetes is through daily insulin injections. Insulin helps regulate the level of glucose in the blood by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy. Your veterinarian will determine the appropriate type of insulin and dosage for your dog based on their individual needs.

  It is important to administer insulin at consistent times each day and monitor your dog’s glucose levels regularly. This can be done at home using a glucometer or by periodically visiting your vet for blood tests.

• Dietary Changes – In addition to insulin injections, dietary changes are also an important aspect of managing diabetes mellitus in dogs. A diabetic dog’s diet should be low in carbohydrates and high in protein and fiber. This helps regulate blood sugar levels and may even reduce the need for as much insulin. Your vet may recommend a prescription diabetic diet or provide guidelines for preparing homemade meals tailored to your dog’s specific needs.
• Exercise – Regular exercise is important for all dogs but particularly beneficial for those with diabetes mellitus. Exercise helps improve insulin sensitivity and can assist with maintaining a healthy weight. However, it is crucial to monitor your dog’s blood sugar levels before and after exercising to avoid any dangerous drops or spikes.

Working With Your Veterinarian

Managing diabetes mellitus requires close monitoring and collaboration with your veterinarian. It may take some time to find the right balance of insulin dosage, diet, and exercise for your dog’s specific needs. Your vet will guide you through this process and make necessary adjustments along the way.

As time passes and dogs age, their once keen ears may begin to lose their sharpness. No longer able to catch every sound or command, it becomes challenging for both owner and dog to effectively communicate. This can lead to a sense of frustration and added stress for the aging dog. However, there are steps you can take to help your senior canine adjust to this change in their hearing ability.

What Causes This Decline?

There are various reasons why dogs may experience hearing loss, but for older dogs specifically, it is often due to degenerative changes in the nerves located within the ear. This type of hearing loss is similar to that seen in elderly humans. The progression of these changes will typically be gradual, so symptoms may gradually appear and you may not immediately realize your dog has a problem with their hearing.

How to Tell If Your Dog’s Hearing Is Declining

It can be difficult for you to tell if your dog is experiencing a decline in their hearing, especially if the change is gradual. However, there are some signs and behaviors that may indicate your dog is struggling with their hearing.

1. Ignoring Commands – If your dog has been well-trained and used to following commands, but suddenly starts ignoring them, it could be a sign that they are having difficulty hearing you. This is especially apparent if your dog only ignores certain commands or seems confused when given a command.
2. Startling Easily – A common sign of hearing loss in dogs is an increased startle response. If your dog gets easily startled by sudden noises or movements that they used to ignore, it could be a sign that they are not able to hear as well as they used to.
3. Not Responding to Their Name – Similar to ignoring commands, if your dog stops responding when you call their name, it could be a sign of hearing loss. This can be especially concerning if your dog used to come running when called but now doesn’t seem to hear you at all.
4. Increased Vocalizations – Some dogs may start barking or whining more often as a result of their hearing loss. This could be due to feeling disoriented or frustrated from not being able to hear properly.
5. Sleeping More Than Usual –  Hearing loss can also lead to changes in behavior such as sleeping more than usual. This can happen because the lack of sounds and stimulation can make sleeping more appealing for an aging dog.

What Can I Do To Help

When verbal communication with your dog becomes challenging, hand signals can be a useful way to communicate visually. If your dog still has some hearing, you can add hand signals to their existing verbal cues by using the hand gesture before saying the cue. With enough repetition, your dog will learn to respond solely to the hand signal.

For teaching new behaviors, start by teaching the hand signal from the beginning. If you currently use a marker for training, such as a clicker or the word “yes,” you can substitute a non-auditory marker like a hand gesture, such as a thumbs-up.

Possible Behavioral Issues You May See

Deafness in dogs may lead to a variety of behavioral changes, including a heightened startle response and discomfort with physical touch.

Deaf dogs often rely on their other senses, such as vibrations and smell, to navigate and understand their surroundings. Because of this, they may become easily startled by sudden approaches or unexpected touch from humans or other animals. This is especially true if they are woken up from sleep.

To avoid startling your deaf dog, try approaching them with heavier footsteps or making other noises that create vibrations to alert them of your presence before physically touching them. This can help them feel more secure and prevent them from getting scared or defensive. Additionally, it’s important to give your dog time to acclimate before touching them after they wake up.

If your deaf dog is uncomfortable with physical touch, it’s important to slowly desensitize them in a controlled and positive way. Start by gently touching your dog in areas that they are comfortable with and immediately offering a food reward to create a positive association. Gradually increase the length and intensity of the touches while continuing to reward your dog.

You can also use this method for unexpected touching scenarios, such as when someone accidentally bumps into your dog or reaches for them without warning. Practice these scenarios at home with family members or friends who are familiar with your dog and can help create a safe and controlled environment.

Consistency is crucial when helping your deaf dog adjust to physical contact. Make sure everyone who interacts with your dog knows about their hearing loss and understands how to approach and touch them appropriately. This includes family members, friends, and even strangers who may come into contact with your dog.

Remember that each dog is unique, so it’s important to pay attention to your dog’s body language and adjust your approach

What Modifications Should I Make To Keep My Dog Safe?

When you have a deaf or hearing-impaired dog, it’s important to take extra precautions to ensure their safety. While all dogs should be carefully supervised and protected from potential dangers, deafness can make dogs more vulnerable in certain situations.

Supervise Your Deaf Dog When Off Leash

One of the biggest risks for a deaf or hearing-impaired dog is being off leash in an unsecured area. Without the ability to hear potential dangers, such as traffic or other animals, they may not be able to react quickly enough to avoid harm.

It’s important to always keep an eye on your deaf dog when they are off leash, even if they are in a fenced-in area. Make sure that the fence is secure and tall enough so that your dog cannot escape. Additionally, it’s wise to regularly check for any holes or weak spots in the fence that your dog could potentially get through.

If you are planning on taking your dog off leash in an open area, such as a park or beach, keep your eyes on your dog at all times and be ready to call them back if they start wandering too far away.

Be Mindful Of Unfamiliar Circumstances That May Startle Your Dog

Deaf dogs may not hear vehicles, bikes, or people approaching by walking up behind them. Unexpected things could potentially startle or put your deaf pet in danger if they are not aware of their surroundings. When walking with your deaf dog, be mindful of any potential hazards like bikes or people jogging by.

Conclusion:

As your beloved pet’s hearing begins to fade, you may find yourself navigating a challenging new landscape. Both you and your furry companion will need time to adjust, but with patience and understanding, this can also be an opportunity to deepen your bond and explore new forms of communication. Remember, the love between you and your dog is not diminished by their change in senses. If you feel overwhelmed, do not hesitate to seek guidance from your veterinarian or reach out to trainers who specialize in helping dogs adapt to this new normal. Together, you and your loyal companion can navigate this journey with grace and determination.

As dogs age, many of them develop heart disease – a weakening and malfunctioning of the heart muscle that can have serious consequences. The heart is a vital organ responsible for pumping oxygen-rich blood throughout the body. In some pets, the heart begins to struggle as it ages, hindering its ability to perform its crucial duty. This condition can cause a range of symptoms and complications, highlighting the importance of maintaining a healthy heart in our furry companions.

Familiarizing ourselves with the different types of heart disease and their common indicators is crucial in detecting potential issues early on. If our dogs show any signs of heart trouble, it’s important to have them examined by a veterinarian for proper evaluation and timely intervention. In some cases, a cardiologist may be necessary for specialized care.

A few of the most common heart ailments are:

Heart Valve Disease:

Within the heart, there are four valves that play a crucial role in ensuring blood flows in the proper direction. However, if a dog is born with a defective valve or one becomes diseased or damaged, blood flow can become turbulent and result in a heart murmur.

If a valve is diseased or damaged, the normal “lub-dub” sound of a healthy heart can be disrupted, replaced by a distinct murmur sound.This can eventually lead to congestive heart failure as the heart struggles to efficiently pump blood. The most prevalent form of heart valve disease in dogs is myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD), which primarily affects older, small breeds.

Heart Muscle Disease (Myocardial Disease):

The main structure of the heart is comprised of muscle tissue. If this muscle becomes damaged and loses strength, the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively is reduced. This condition is referred to as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). A different type of heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), occurs when the heart muscle becomes overly thick, hindering the chambers from filling with a sufficient amount of blood.

Arrhythmias:

Abnormal heart rhythms, whether too slow, too fast, or irregular, can hinder the heart’s ability to effectively circulate blood to the lungs and other parts of the body.

Pericardial Disease:

The pericardium functions as a protective sac around the heart. If the pericardium becomes rigid or if fluid (typically blood) or air collects between it and the heart, the heart’s ability to beat properly is compromised. This may be seen in some pets with other diseases like kidney failure or cancer.

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Congestive heart failure, a common result of various forms of cardiovascular disease, occurs when the heart is no longer able to effectively pump blood throughout the body. This may result in the leakage of fluid from blood vessels causing ascites, which is a when the fluids begin to collect in various parts of the body, such as the lungs, abdomen, or other tissues.

What Are Some Common Symptoms of Heart Disease?

Because the heart is such a vital organ, any issues that arise can have widespread effects on the body. As a result, symptoms of heart disease in dogs can manifest in various ways and may not always be obvious. However, some common signs to look out for include:

• Lethargy or lack of energy
• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
• Coughing, especially at night or after exercise
• Fainting or collapsing episodes
• Exercise intolerance or weakness
• Blue or grey tinged gums
• Loss of appetite and weight loss
• Abdominal swelling or fluid buildup (ascites)

If you notice any of these symptoms in your dog, it’s important to consult with a veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment. Catching heart disease early on can make a significant difference in managing the condition and improving your dog’s quality of life.

Additionally, certain breeds are more prone to developing heart disease than others. For example, small breeds like Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Chihuahuas, and Pomeranians are predisposed to developing mitral valve disease. On the other hand, larger breeds such as Great Danes and Doberman Pinschers are more susceptible to dilated cardiomyopathy. Knowing your dog’s breed and potential risk factors can also help you recognize symptoms and seek prompt veterinary care.

What Kind Of Treatments Are There?

If your dog has been diagnosed with heart disease, your veterinarian will work with you to create a treatment plan that fits their specific needs. Treatment options may vary depending on the type and severity of the heart disease, as well as the overall health and age of your dog. In general, treatment for heart disease in dogs can include a combination of medication, dietary changes, and lifestyle modifications.

There are various medications available to manage different types of heart disease in dogs. These medications can help improve the efficiency of the heart’s beating, regulate its rhythm, and aid in eliminating excess fluid from the body. Some common medications prescribed for dogs with heart disease include:

• Diuretics: These drugs help remove excess fluid from the body through increased urination.
• ACE inhibitors: These drugs help dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow.
• Beta-blockers: These drugs slow down the heartbeat and decrease blood pressure.
• Calcium channel blockers: These drugs relax and widen blood vessels, making it easier for blood to flow through them.
• Digoxin: This drug helps strengthen the contraction of the heart muscle.

Your veterinarian may also prescribe other medications based on your dog’s individual needs.

In addition to medication, your veterinarian may recommend changes in your dog’s diet to manage their heart condition. A low-sodium diet is often recommended for dogs with heart disease. This can help reduce fluid retention and improve overall heart function. Your vet may also suggest specific diets designed for dogs with certain types of heart disease or other underlying health conditions.

Making certain lifestyle modifications can also play a crucial role in managing your dog’s heart condition. Exercise is important for maintaining overall health, but it’s essential to work with your veterinarian to determine an appropriate exercise regimen for your dog based on their condition. Too much or too little exercise can have negative effects on the heart.

Does Heart Disease Cause Pain?

While each disorder has it’s own set of problems, heart disease does not necessarily cause pain. What can cause your pet to be uncomfortable are the symptoms from the progression of the disease. As the disease progresses, they may have more trouble breathing, excessive coughing, inability to eat or drink due to weakness, and overall lethargy and weakness.

What Is Hip Dysplasia?

During the developmental stages of a dog’s growth, they may develop a condition known as hip dysplasia. This condition is characterized by a loose hip joint, which can lead to discomfort and impaired movement.

As the dog continues to grow, the hip joint experiences wear and tear on its cartilage and bone. This can eventually lead to conditions such as arthritis, muscle loss, and limited range of motion.

Large breeds are most commonly affected by this condition, and studies have shown that it can be passed down genetically.

What Signs Will My Dog Show?

While it is possible for hip dysplasia in dogs to be unnoticed until your pet is older, it is important to note that dogs are often resilient and may not exhibit all of these clinical symptoms. Despite this, the condition is still very painful for the dog, whether they show signs or not. Some common indicators to watch out for include:

• Frequent or occasional difficulty walking
• Limping without any known injury or accident
• Audible cracking or popping noises from joints
• A hopping motion with hind limbs together while running
• Difficulty maintaining balance or standing up
• Unusual sitting positions
• Struggling to climb onto furniture, ascend stairs, or enter vehicles

Is There Treatment?

Detecting the disease at an early stage can significantly reduce or possibly prevent the development of long-term arthritis in dogs with hip dysplasia. There are various approaches to treating this condition, including surgical procedures and medication regimens.

Your veterinarian will carefully assess various factors before determining the best course of treatment for your dog. A comprehensive orthopedic evaluation is necessary to determine whether surgery or medical management is the appropriate option for your pet.

To manage pain and maintain joint and muscle health, a multi-modal approach is recommended. This may include oral supplements for joints, or even injections to improve overall joint health. It’s important to consult with your primary care veterinarian about the possibility of a prescription dog food specifically designed for joint health, which can replace daily supplements. Additional therapies such as acupuncture or physical therapy may also be suggested. Your vet will likely emphasize the importance of keeping your dog at a healthy weight, as excess weight can put added stress on their joints and worsen any existing pain or dysfunction. Regardless of the chosen therapy, maintaining an ideal weight for your pet is crucial for their overall well-being.

What Is Kidney Disease?

The kidneys are vital organs in your dog’s body that filter out waste products from the blood. When they are not functioning properly due to acute or chronic kidney disease, it can greatly affect your dog’s overall health. This condition is also known as renal or kidney insufficiency because the kidneys are no longer able to efficiently perform their duties.

Acute failure is often caused by a sudden illness or injury to the kidneys. This can include exposure to toxic materials, some medications, or even ingestion of harmful foods. As a result of the inability for kidneys to regenerate once damaged, chronic kidney disease slowly worsens and is commonly linked with aging. As time goes on, the kidneys become weaker and are unable to function as effectively.

It is crucial to know the common symptoms so you can identify them early on. Early detection and treatment can help slow down the progression of kidney disease and improve your dog’s lifespan.

What Symptoms Will My Dog Have?

Dogs with kidney disease may exhibit increased urination and thirst, which are usually the first indications of a problem. However, other symptoms typically do not appear until around two-thirds of the kidney tissue has been damaged. This means that in cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the damage may have started months or even years before it is noticed by the owner.

This may give the impression that the symptoms of kidney disease in dogs are sudden, but in truth, their kidneys have been struggling for a while.

Aside from increased urination and thirst, here are some other symptoms to look out for:

1. Loss of appetite: Canine companions suffering from kidney disease may experience a decreased appetite due to feelings of nausea or discomfort arising from an accumulation of toxins in their system.
2. Weight loss: Dogs suffering from kidney disease may lose weight due to a decrease in their appetite.
3. Vomiting and diarrhea: A possible cause of these symptoms could be a buildup of toxins in the body.
4. Lethargy: Canine kidney disease can lead to lethargy as a result of decreased energy levels caused by lower red blood cell count (anemia).
5. Foul breath: Buildup of toxic substances in the bloodstream can result in unpleasant odor or a smell similar to ammonia on your dog’s breath.
6. Pale gums: This is often a sign of anemia caused by decreased red blood cells, which can be a result of kidney disease.
7. Mouth ulcers: Dogs with kidney disease may develop ulcers in their mouth, which can be painful and cause difficulty eating.
8. Decreased urine output: As the kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products from the body, dogs with kidney disease may have decreased urine output or may not produce any urine at all.
9. Difficulty urinating: Some dogs with kidney disease may experience difficulty urinating or show signs of straining when trying to urinate.
10. Blood in urine: This is a common sign of kidney disease and can be caused by damaged blood vessels in the kidneys leaking blood into the urine.
11. Changes in behavior: Your dog may become irritable or uncharacteristically aggressive if they are experiencing pain or discomfort associated with kidney disease.
12. Poor coat quality: A lack of proper nutrition and hydration can lead to poor coat quality in dogs with kidney disease.
13. Swollen abdomen: If your dog’s kidneys are not able to efficiently remove excess fluid from their body, it may result in a swollen abdomen.
14. Dehydration: As the kidneys are responsible for maintaining water balance in the body, dogs with kidney disease may become dehydrated due to their inability to conserve water.
15. Weakness or stumbling: Kidney disease can affect your dog’s ability to walk properly due to muscle weakness and loss of coordination.
16. Seizures or tremors: In severe cases of kidney failure, dogs may experience seizures or tremors due to increased levels of toxins in their body affecting their brain function.

It is important to keep track of any changes in your dog’s behavior or physical appearance and consult your veterinarian if you notice any of these symptoms persisting for more than a few days.

It is important to note that these symptoms do not always indicate kidney disease and could be caused by other health issues as well. If you notice any combination of these symptoms in your dog, it is best to consult a veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment.

What Is Laryngeal Paralysis?

Laryngeal paralysis is a chronic illness that results in breathing difficulties, which can start off mild and gradually worsen. It is caused by nerve dysfunction in the larynx, the part of the throat responsible for regulating air flow. Normally, the larynx opens to allow air into the windpipe and closes to prevent food or water from being inhaled. However, in cases of laryngeal paralysis, this process is disrupted, causing narrowing of the airway and making breathing feel similar to using a straw.

My Vet Called My Dog’s Condition GOLPP, What Is The Difference?

Laryngeal paralysis is a common symptom of Geriatric Onset Laryngeal Paralysis and Polyneuropathy (GOLPP), a condition that weakens both nerves and muscles throughout the body. The exact cause of GOLPP is not fully understood, but genetics are believed to play a role. While laryngeal paralysis is usually the first sign of GOLPP, the esophagus is also commonly affected in its early stages. This can lead to difficulties swallowing food and water, increasing the risk of inhaling these substances and developing aspiration pneumonia, a lung infection.

What Are Some Warning Signs & Symptoms?

The symptoms of laryngeal paralysis will differ based on how far the disease has advanced. In some cases, it can quickly become a life-threatening situation when breathing is compromised due to factors such as excitement, stress, physical activity, or exposure to warm and humid weather. In our geriatric pets, as GOLPP develops, it may also lead to weakness in the legs or difficulty with coordination over time.

• Loud or rough breathing
• Excessive panting
• Coughing
• Gagging
• Throwing up
• Struggling with physical activity and high temperatures
• Alterations in their bark tone
• Difficulty catching their breath
• Blue tongue or gums
• Fainting

How Will My Vet Diagnose My Dog?

If your pet is showing symptoms of laryngeal paralysis, your veterinarian will need to conduct a thorough physical and neurological examination while your pet is under sedation. They may also suggest getting chest and neck X-rays to aid in the diagnosis.

Are There Any Treatments?

While there is no known cure for laryngeal paralysis, surgery may be indicated. But early on some cases can be treated without surgery by some lifestyle modifications. Your veterinarian may recommend some of the following:

• Prescriptions for anxiety management if needed 
• Your veterinarian may recommend restricting your dog’s physical activity to prevent further strain on their respiratory system. Dogs with laryngeal paralysis are also sensitive to hot and humid environments, so it’s important to avoid exposure to these conditions as much as possible.
• In addition, switching from neck collars to harnesses can help reduce pressure on the neck and make it easier for your dog to breathe. Losing weight can also alleviate some of the strain on their respiratory system.
• Some dogs with laryngeal paralysis may benefit from anxiety management medication if they experience increased stress or agitation due to their breathing difficulties. Your veterinarian can prescribe appropriate medications if needed.
• Physical therapy may also be recommended for dogs with GOLPP in order to maintain muscle mass and strength in their legs. This can help them remain mobile and active even as their condition progresses.

What Can I Expect Long Term For My Dog?

Continuous monitoring and care are necessary for dogs with laryngeal paralysis, as the condition can progressively worsen over time. In addition, GOLPP may also affect other areas of the body, such as the esophagus and leg muscles, requiring ongoing management and treatment.

The progression of GOLPP is typically gradual, and some dogs may exhibit mild symptoms for an extended period before their breathing is significantly impacted. During this time, conservative management may be implemented to help alleviate symptoms and slow down the progression of the disease.

In more severe cases where conservative management is no longer effective, surgery may be considered. There are several surgical options available depending on the individual case, but they all aim to improve airflow through the larynx by opening up the airway. Your veterinarian will discuss these options with you if surgery is deemed necessary for your dog.

It’s important to note that even with surgery or other treatments, there is no known cure for laryngeal paralysis or GOLPP. Therefore, continuous monitoring and care will still be necessary throughout your dog’s life.

In summary, dogs diagnosed with laryngeal paralysis and GOLPP need continual care and monitoring. As their condition worsens, they may be at risk for developing aspiration pneumonia. By maintaining a close partnership with your veterinarian, you can collaborate to provide the best possible care for your dog and ensure their comfort and well-being.

What Is Liver Disease in Dogs?

Liver disease encompasses a wide range of conditions that disrupt the proper functioning of the liver. These conditions can cause inflammation and damage to the liver, either as a primary issue or as a result of other health problems.

What Is The Liver’s Job?

The liver of a canine is a multi-faceted organ with various roles. It serves as a filter to remove harmful substances from the bloodstream, aids in metabolizing medication, processes energy, and stores essential vitamins and glycogen.

Additionally, it produces bile to assist in digestion and creates crucial proteins necessary for blood clotting. Since the liver performs multiple functions, any disease or disorder affecting it can manifest in different ways depending on which function is affected. Furthermore, liver issues can have secondary effects on other systems within the body.

How Does My Vet Diagnose Liver Disease?

To diagnose liver disease in your dog, your veterinarian will suggest conducting various tests to assess their liver function and identify the underlying cause. These may include blood tests, abdominal ultrasounds, X-rays, and urinalysis, which can detect a wide range of illnesses through analysis of the urine.

What Are Some Types Of Liver Diseases?

Many issues can cause liver disease in dogs, including the aging process. Some of the most common are:

Liver disease in dogs can be caused by a variety of factors, including the natural aging process. Common reasons for liver disease include:

• Congenital abnormalities or hereditary predisposition– Typically seen in young puppies,
• Birth defects of the blood vessels – Also typically seen in younger pups, but can also occur in older dogs with conditions like high blood pressure or cirrhosis.
• Endocrine system disorders- Diseases such as Cushing’s, Diabetes, and Hyperthyroidism can all affect the functioning of the liver.
• Infections contracted in adulthood: Such as Valley Fever or histoplasmosis caused by fungi, and leptospirosis caused by bacteria, can hinder the liver’s ability to function properly if left untreated. If you reside in an area where these infections are prevalent, it is recommended to get your pet vaccinated to prevent any potential long-term consequences from these viruses.
• Liver cancer or cysts

What Symptoms Might My Dog Have?

Some common symptoms of liver disease can be:

• Jaundice, which causes a yellowish coloring to appear in a dog’s eyes, gums, skin, and ears.
• Loss of appetite
• Throwing up
• Loose stools
• Losing weight
• More thirst
• More trips to the bathroom
• Abnormal stool color, like grey or yellow
• Swelling of the belly (ascites)

Is There A Way To Treat Liver Disease?

Depending on the underlying cause of the disease, and how soon intervention begins will affect the dog’s overall prognosis. If treatment or surgical intervention begins early enough, the prognosis is much better than if your pet has been diagnosed with chronic or severe liver disease. In these cases, the management of the disease will primarily focus on your dog’s comfort, rather than resolving the condition.

Is My Dog Hurting?

Liver disease can cause symptoms that are painful, as well as cause nausea and anorexia, so your pet may be hungry and unable to eat. If you feel your pet is experiencing any signs of discomfort, you should reach out to your primary vet to see if medications can be prescribed to alleviate hunger, pain, and nausea.

What Is Lymphoma?

In medical terms, lymphoma encompasses a range of cancer types caused by abnormal growth or changes in lymphocytes. These white blood cells are crucial for fighting infections and are densely found in organs involved in the body’s immune response, such as the lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow. While most cases of lymphoma originate in these organs, it can also spread to other parts of the body.

The four most common types of lymphoma in dogs are:

1. Multicentric lymphoma – This is the most common type of lymphoma in dogs. This cancer primarily affects the lymph nodes and is characterized by a rapid increase in their size, which is often the first noticeable sign for veterinarians. The lymph nodes can be found in various areas of the body, including the neck, chest, armpits, behind the knees, and groin. Enlargement of these nodes, up to three to 10 times their normal size, is a common symptom of this disease. Typically, this swelling is not painful and feels like a firm, rubbery bump that can be moved easily under the skin. As the disease progresses, dogs with multicentric lymphoma may also experience lethargy, fever, loss of appetite, weakness, and dehydration.
2. Alimentary lymphoma – Alimentary lymphoma specifically affects the intestines, resulting in a host of symptoms associated with that area. Dogs diagnosed with this form of lymphoma may exhibit vomiting, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and weight loss as a result.
3. Mediastinal lymphoma – Mediastinal lymphoma is a rare form of cancer that affects the lymph nodes in the chest area. It can also affect the thymus gland, which plays a role in producing white blood cells. When this type of lymphoma occurs, one or both organs may become enlarged due to aggressive malignant T cells that rapidly multiply and appear abnormal under a microscope. As the illness worsens, dogs suffering from mediastinal lymphoma may struggle to take deep breaths or experience breathing difficulties.
4. Extranodal lymphoma – Extranodal lymphoma in dogs is a cancer that targets specific organs such as the skin, eyes, kidneys, lungs, or central nervous system. The most common type is cutaneous lymphoma, which affects the skin and can cause raised nodules, scaly lesions, and gum/mouth involvement. Symptoms vary based on affected organ.

How Does My Vet Diagnosis Lymphoma?

If a veterinarian discovers an enlarged lymph node, they will take a sample for further examination. This is typically done through a fine-needle aspiration and may be followed by additional tests, known as “staging tests,” to determine the extent of lymphoma in the dog’s body. These could include blood tests, X-rays, and other procedures to assess the overall health of the dog and track the progression of the disease.

Are There Treatment Options?

Chemotherapy is an option to try to treat your dog and attempt to get the lymphoma into remission. While dogs handle chemotherapy much easier than humans, it can pose a financial constraint at times for some families. In these situations, palliative care with the use of medications to control the rapid progression of the cancer, as well as comfort medications may be prescribed.

What is Obesity in Dogs?

As our furry companions age, physical activity may become more challenging, potentially leading to weight gain. However, not all heavier dogs are considered obese. Obesity is a condition caused by excessive body fat that can result in health issues. Dogs who weigh 10% more than their recommended weight are classified as overweight, while those who exceed the ideal weight by 20% fall into the obese category. Carrying extra pounds can increase the risk of various illnesses in dogs.

What Health Issues Could An Obese Dog Have?

Having excess weight may play a role in leading to some diseases, or possibly worsening other conditions that may start to affect older dogs. Heavier dogs are at a higher risk for:

• Cardiovascular disease
• Respiratory illnesses
• Pancreatitis
• Kidney illness
• Joint degeneration or osteoarthritis

How Do I Know If My Dog Is Obese?

When looking at your dog from above, his or her body should resemble an hourglass shape if they are at a healthy weight. If you can feel excess fat over your dog’s ribs or there is no visible tuck-up in front of the hind legs, it’s likely that your dog is overweight. If you have concerns that your dog may be carrying extra weight, make an appointment with your vet to have a weight check and thorough examination.

To track your dog’s weight and any potential changes, your veterinarian can weigh them and monitor their progress over time. Additionally, a technique known as body condition scoring can be used to assess their physical shape.

How Can I Help My Dog?

Treatment of obesity in dogs involves a combination of portion control, exercise, and potentially a special diet. The recommended amount of food may be decreased and the type of food may also be altered to promote weight loss. Exercise routines may be prescribed to help the dog burn excess calories and build muscle.

The treatment for obesity in dogs typically involves a combination of a balanced diet, exercise, and possibly medication. A veterinarian may also recommend a weight loss plan that includes regular weigh-ins and monitoring of body condition.

When implementing dietary changes for your dog, it is important to consult with a veterinary team. Reducing or removing extras such as treats and table scraps can be beneficial, and adjusting the type and/or amount of food may also be necessary. Your veterinarian may recommend a specific weight loss diet, some of which may require a prescription.

How Can I Help My Dog Stay at a Healthy Weight?

Maintaining a healthy weight for your dog involves more than just diet and exercise. Here are some additional tips to help keep your dog at an ideal weight:

1. Measure Meals: Use a measuring cup to portion out your dog’s food instead of estimating or free-feeding. This helps ensure that they are not consuming more calories than they should be.
2. Limit Treats: As mentioned before, treats can add up quickly in terms of calories. Limiting or finding healthier alternatives for treats can make a big difference in managing your dog’s weight. Options such as baby carrots, frozen peas, or lower calorie dog treats are good options.
3. Increase Exercise: Regular physical activity is important for dogs to maintain a healthy weight and overall well-being. This may be harder for older dogs, so only exercise to their capabilities.
4. Monitor Feeding Habits: If you have multiple pets, it can be challenging to ensure that each one is only eating their own food and not stealing from others. Keep an eye on feeding times and separate pets if necessary.
5. Be Consistent: Stick to a routine when it comes to meals and exercise. This will help prevent overfeeding or lack of physical activity.

My Dog Is Still Heavy And I’m Doing All The Right Things, Now What?

Certain medical conditions may contribute to weight gain in dogs, so it is important to rule these out through bloodwork and other diagnostic tests.

Your veterinarian may also refer you to a veterinary nutritionist who can design a personalized diet plan for your dog.

Keep In Mind

Remember that achieving a healthy weight takes time and consistency. With proper guidance and dedication, you can help your dog reach a healthy weight. Although preventing or correcting obesity takes dedication, the rewards of a longer and healthier life are invaluable for both you and your furry companion.

What Is Osteosarcoma?

In dogs, osteosarcoma is the most common form of primary bone cancer. This means that it originates in the bone itself rather than being spread from another location. Due to its aggressive nature, early detection and treatment are crucial for combating this disease. The cancer can rapidly metastasize to other areas of the body, underscoring the importance of prompt diagnosis and intervention. If you suspect that your dog or cat may have osteosarcoma, we recommend consulting with your primary vet who may refer you to a veterinary oncologist who is board-certified. They will conduct a thorough examination and appropriate tests to initiate treatment as needed.

What Symptoms Will My Dog Have?

The signs of osteosarcoma, also known as bone cancer, in dogs may not always be obvious. They can include:

• Lameness that persists and swelling around the affected bone – these are the most common indications when a tumor is present in a limb
• Swelling or a lump – this is often the initial sign of a tumor in the skull, jaw, or ribs
• Difficulty eating if the tumor affects the jaw
• Neurological issues like seizures or an unsteady gait if there is a tumor in the skull or spine
• Breathing problems or lameness associated with rib tumors
• Loss of appetite
• Lethargy

What Tests Will My Vet Run?

To accurately diagnose osteosarcoma, veterinarians utilize a variety of diagnostic methods to identify the underlying cause of symptoms. As the first step, an X-ray is taken to capture detailed images of the affected area and a physical and orthopedic examination is conducted to rule out any other potential causes of lameness.

In order to confirm the diagnosis and create an effective treatment plan for your dog, biopsies will be taken from any suspicious areas seen on the X-ray. These samples will undergo further analysis to determine the nature and severity of the cancer. Additional tests such as chest X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, blood work, and urinalysis may also be recommended to assess your dog’s overall health and check for any signs of cancer spreading.

Sadly, in more than 90% of cases, the tumor has already metastasized by the time it is diagnosed, often to the lungs. This highlights the importance of early detection and treatment.

For tumors located on the limbs, advanced CT imaging may be advised. This specialized scan provides highly detailed images of the affected area, allowing veterinarians to better assess if surgery is a viable option and what level of complexity will be involved in achieving a successful outcome.

Is There Treatment?

The diagnosis of osteosarcoma can include a range of treatment options, each tailored to your dog’s unique circumstances. Depending on the severity and location of the cancer, your furry companion may undergo amputation of the affected limb, limb sparing surgery, or radiation therapy. In some cases, a combination of these methods may be used to combat the disease. As your pet battles this aggressive form of bone cancer, they may also be prescribed medication to ease any pain or discomfort caused by the condition. It is important to work closely with your veterinarian to determine the best course of action for your beloved dog’s well-being.

What Is Spinal Disease In Dogs?

There are several conditions that can cause the spinal column to deegenerate in dogs. Among the most prevalent diseases that can weaken the spine are:

• Degenerative Myelopathy:

This is a gradual, painless deterioration of the spinal cord that slowly progresses until the brainstem and cranial nerves begin to shrink. Diagnosing this condition is a process of elimination, using MRI and myelography to eliminate other degenerative diseases as potential causes.

Symptoms can range due to severity of the disease, but the most common noticeable effects are:

• • Weak hind limbs causing difficulty with climbing stairs or getting onto furniture
  • Loss of balance and coordination
  • Muscle loss in hind limbs/hips
  • Difficulty lying down or standing up
  • Progression may cause urinary or fecal incontinence
  • As the disease advances, you may notice the hind tail drooping and a significant dragging of the rear legs.
• Intervertebral Disc Disease:

The cause of this condition is the degeneration of the disc, resulting in its inability to retain the required fluid for optimal performance.

To diagnose your pet’s condition, x-rays are the first step. However, for a more definitive conclusion, advanced imaging techniques like MRI or CT scans are necessary. Your pet will need to be placed under general anesthesia for this procedure.

The symptoms will vary depending upon the severity of the disease:

• • Vocalization due to pain
  • Shivering and rapid breathing
  • Hunching posture
  • Unwillingness or inability to move
  • As the condition advances, your pet may experience the inability to control bladder function and a lack of sensation for pain
• Lumbosacral Stenosis:

This condition can be congenital or a result of degenerative spinal cord narrowing. Certain breeds, like German Shepherds, Boxers, and Rottweilers, are more prone to this disease, which causes instability between vertebrae.

In order to accurately diagnose and distinguish from other degenerative diseases that may have similar presentations, tools such as x-rays, CT scans, MRIs, or myelograms will be utilized.

Some of the most common symptoms for this disease are:

• • Limping
  • Appearing slow to rise
  • Possible loss of control of the bladder or bowel as the disease progresses
• Spondylosis Deformans:

Boxers and large breed dogs are reported to be more susceptible to this condition which is caused by disc changes (such as narrowing of spaces between discs), resulting in bony outgrowths that can encroach on the spinal nerve root or spinal cord.

The veterinarian will study your pet’s medical history before doing a physical and neurological exam. Dogs may be asymptomatic for this condition,so it may be mistaken as part of the aging process. sometimes can present as follows:

• • Pain along the back, which may make your dog flinch or react poorly to touch
  • Pain when using hind legs

How Can My Dog Be Helped?

There is no cure for Degenerative Myelopathy but there are some medications and adaptations your veterinarian may recommend in order to provide your dog comfort.

With Intervertebral Disc Disease, Spondylosis Deformans and Lumbosacral Stenosis, the treatment will depend on the severity and the limitations your pet is having mobility wise. All three conditions can be treated with pain relief and movement restriction with crate rest.

What Purpose Does The Thyroid Serve?

The thyroid is a tiny yet mighty organ tucked away behind the trachea and is tasked with a vital mission.The gland’s primary purpose is to secrete hormones into the body’s system, which oversees metabolic rate and hormone response. It also generates calcitonin, a crucial factor in maintaining proper calcium levels.

What Can Go Wrong With The Thyroid?

Thyroid disorders are seen in older dogs, especially middle-aged ones. Dogs may experience two types of thyroid issues: hyperthyroidism (more common in cats) and hypothyroidism (more common in dogs). While thyroid cancer can occur in rare cases.

Hypothyroidism:

The thyroid is underactive and/or non-functioning in this disease. While every patient is different, the most common symptoms you may see are:

• Skin problems (dry, flaky, itchy, excessive shedding)
• Tiredness and disinterest in normal activities
• Shivering from intolerance to cold temperatures
• Weight gain

Hyperthyroidism:

In this case the thyroid is overactive, and is typically rare in dogs, but when seen, is typically caused by a very aggressive cancer. And again, every patient is individual, but some symptoms you may see are:

• Swelling in neck area
• Difficulty swallowing, or gagging when drinking/eating
• Increased appetite with weight loss
• Excitability/nervousness
• Increased thirst with more need to urinate
• Rapid respiration and heart rate

How Does My Vet Diagnose And Treat Thyroid Disease?

In combination with the symptoms your pet is having, your vet will run some blood panels to assess how your pet’s thyroid is functioning. Both conditions need to be medically managed either through thyroid hormone medication (hypothyroidism) or surgical intervention if thyroid cancer is causing the gland to be hyperactive.

What Is Vestibular Disease in Dogs?

Similar to humans, dogs also have a vestibular system that helps them maintain balance, posture, and head position. This system also affects their eye movement.

Located within a part of the ear known as the middle ear, just beyond the eardrum, lies the vestibular system. This crucial system is made up of a cluster of interconnected structures called the inner ear, which also resides within the middle ear.

Any malfunction of the vestibular system, which is responsible for balance and coordination, can result in vestibular disease. This condition can cause sudden loss of balance and other symptoms. Since the inner ear is connected to the middle ear, any issues with either area or specifically the inner ear can lead to vestibular disease.

Canine idiopathic vestibular disease, also known as “old dog” or geriatric vestibular disease, is a condition that mainly affects older dogs. It is the most common form of vestibular disease found in canines.

What Can Cause Vestibular Disease?

Middle and inner ear infections can occur when a traditional ear infection spreads beyond the eardrum. This can happen if the initial infection is not properly treated. Other possible causes of middle or inner ear infections include a ruptured eardrum, often caused by using cotton-tipped applicators during cleaning, and the growth of tumors or polyps around the middle ear. In rare cases, certain medications like aminoglycoside antibiotics, metronidazole, or topical chlorhexidine may also lead to vestibular disease in dogs. Additionally, hypothyroidism may be a contributing factor.

What Symptoms Will My Dog Have

Old dog vestibular disease manifests without warning and does not typically get worse over time. The most severe symptoms will appear within the first 48 hours and usually resolve within two to three weeks.

The signs that a dog may be experiencing vestibular disease are typically:

• Tilting of the head
• Walking in repetitive patterns or in circles
• Difficulty with coordination and balance
• Tripping or staggering
• Quick movement or what looks like ‘jiggling’ of the eyes
• Excessive salivation (drooling)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Horner’s syndrome (weakness or drooping of one side of the face and eyelid)

How Will My Vet Test For This?

To diagnose vestibular disease, your veterinarian will gather information about your dog’s medical history, including any current medications and previous health conditions. They will also ask about the onset and progression of symptoms.

During a physical exam at the hospital, your dog’s behavior and movements will be observed to determine if they are exhibiting signs of vestibular disease. If it is suspected, a neurological exam will help determine if the dysfunction is centralized (caused by a tumor or polyp) or peripheral (caused by an ear infection).

Based on the results of the neurological exam, your vet will recommend the most appropriate tests. These may include an ear cytology to identify the source of an ear infection, a complete blood count to rule out other infections or blood abnormalities, and internal organ function tests to screen for potential underlying causes.

A urinalysis may also be conducted in conjunction with other tests to identify any underlying conditions that could be contributing to the vestibular disease. In some cases, advanced imaging such as X-rays or CT scans may be necessary to confirm the presence of polyps or tumors.

Is There Treatment?

Treatment for vestibular disease in dogs will vary depending on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms. It is important to address the root cause first before treating any secondary symptoms.

Medication may be prescribed to help alleviate nausea and motion sickness, which can be common in dogs with vestibular disease.

Special care must also be given to dogs who are unable to walk or maintain their position during normal bodily functions. This can lead to issues such as urine scald, bed sores, and skin infections. Your veterinarian may recommend special skincare products or teach you how to properly care for your dog to prevent these issues from occurring.

If a bacterial infection is the underlying cause of vestibular disease, your veterinarian may prescribe oral antibiotics. These medications will help combat the infection and prevent it from worsening.

In more severe cases, intravenous (IV) fluids may be necessary to keep your dog hydrated and maintain electrolyte balance. This is especially important if your dog is experiencing frequent vomiting or diarrhea due to the vestibular disease.

Your veterinarian may also prescribe sedatives to help calm your dog and reduce anxiety associated with the sudden onset of vestibular disease symptoms. These medications can help make your dog more comfortable while they recover from this condition.

In some cases, surgery may be necessary if a tumor or polyp is causing the vestibular disease. Your veterinarian will discuss this option with you if it is deemed necessary for your dog’s treatment.

It is important to follow your veterinarian’s recommendations for treatment closely and attend any follow-up appointments as needed. With proper care and treatment, many dogs with vestibular disease can make a full recovery within a few weeks.

Will My Dog Recover?

The recovery process and prognosis for dogs with vestibular disease vary based on the cause and severity. Most dogs show significant improvement within one week and return to normalcy within three weeks. It is important to create a safe environment during recovery. Recurrence is uncommon, but some symptoms may linger. Ear infections can be resolved to cure the disease, while severe cases may require hospital care.